EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS ON FUEL MOLECULES

Аннотация

In this article, the influence of external magnetic and electric fields on fuel molecules, their role in changing the molecular structure, and their contribution to optimizing the combustion process are scientifically analyzed. The possibilities of improving the physicochemical properties of fuel and increasing engine efficiency are highlighted through the fields. Keywords: magnetic field, electric field, fuel molecules, molecular structure, combustion process, engine efficiency. The combustion of gasoline is a chain chemical reaction of the mutual oxidation of oxygen atoms in the air with individual free atoms that make up hydrocarbons, characterizing its ability to release heat. The speed of the chain combustion reaction and the completeness of the combustion of liquid hydrocarbons are determined, first of all, by the kinetics of their decomposition into individual molecules, and then into individual atoms. The process of decomposition of molecules into individual atoms consists of separate stages, consuming the energy of the combustion process. Therefore, the combustion temperature and rate of liquid hydrocarbons are lower than in gases, i.e., there is no need to break down the initial stage in gases into individual molecules [1-3]. The initial stage of liquid hydrocarbon decomposition consists of heating the system or applying various physical fields designed to separate atoms from the hydrocarbon chain and increase their energy. One of the promising physical methods for solving this problem is the electromagnetic field. Based on this, we are studying the influence of the electromagnetic field on liquid hydrocarbons to prepare them for combustion, reduce the combustiontemperature, and, as a result, obtain thefull heat ofcombustion [4,5]. It is known that when magnetic and electromagnetic fields are applied to oil, they undergo deparaffinization, and the influence of other technological processes changes. The mechanism of such influence is related to the magnetic properties of the components of oil and liquid hydrocarbons, as well as themagneticfield, the interaction of individualatoms ofthesubstance. Analysis of the structure of hydrocarbon molecules and the influence of molecular mass on the specific magnetic susceptibility showed that the lightest fractions of alkanes with a χρ molecular mass of (72...300) X 10-3kg/mol are the most diamagnetic =0.895·10-9-0.83·10-9 kg- (χρ 1).Cyclanes with a molecular mass of (72...135) X 10-3kg/mol are characterized by the parameter (0.82...0.84) X 10-9 kg-1, while benzene and petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as χρ= polynuclear aromatics, have a much smaller range of magnetic susceptibility (0.7...0.76) ·10-9kg-1 [31]. Thus, the largest diamagnets are light fractions composed of paraffin-oil hydrocarbons, which are raw materials for the production of gasoline and diesel fuel. With the transition to kerosene and oil fractions, the content of paraffin-petroleum hydrocarbons in them significantly decreases and aromatics increase, which increases the magnetic susceptibility of the corresponding fractions. The magnetic susceptibility of oil residues is significantly higher than that of light fractions. This is due to an increase in the proportion of paramagnetic components in thecorresponding fractions. Surface tension, formed as a result of the interaction of molecules (atoms), is the main https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue7,2025 300 thermodynamic characteristic of the liquid surface and is an important physical quantity of liquid media. For complete combustion, liquid hydrocarbons are sprayed into the combustion chamber. This process is the preparation of droplets for separation into individual molecules and subsequent breakdown into individual atoms. The surface tension of liquids significantly influences thisprocess. In addition to the orbital angular momentum of an electron, it can also have its own mechanical moment, called spin. ,(1) The projection ofthespin onto thedirection ofthemagneticfield takes two values: ,(2) The electron's intrinsic angular momentum - intrinsic magnetic moment - is related by the followingexpression: ,(3) The gyromagneticratio oftheelectron's intrinsicmoment is: ,(4) The following table presents data on the spin configuration of the electrons of the 3d shells offree iron atoms. In chromium and manganese, the non-compensation of spins has a maximum value, therefore, maximum resultant values of spin magnetic moments are observed in these elements. However, theorientation of such spinsis disrupted whenasolid phase stateis formed. The atomic nucleus has spin and a magnetic moment associated with it. The spin of the nucleus is also quantitatively equal to the spin of the electron. Since the mass of the nucleus is approximately 103 times greater than the mass of the electron, the magnetic moment of the nucleus is athousand times less than themagnetic momentof theelectron. Therefore, it can be assumed that the magnetic moments