SYMBOLS IN THE WORLD MODERN POETRY

Аннотация

Following article deals with symbolism and symbols, that are distinguished as terms in literature field. While symbolism denotes the name of a literary movement, a symbol is interpreted as a poetic movement. At the same time, these concepts are mutually exclusive. Because symbolism is based on a symbol. The term symbol is used as a synonym for a symbol. It is formed on the basis of a specific sign. This term comes in a broad and narrow sense. The broad meaning of a symbol is seen in its use in other sciences and art, and the narrow meaning is seen in its use in connection with artistic creativity. Keywords: symbol, poetry, modern, symbolism Introduction. The symbol in literature corresponds to that anything can be chosen for the symbol. This literary device can be a word, an object that the author uses in the text to draw the readers’ attention to the message. In world literary studies, a number of works on symbols have been carried out as follows: in English literary studies, it is covered in the studies of such scholars as Arthur Simons, Michael Fekos, Michael Gibson, T.Ezebube; in Russian literary studies D. Merezhkovsky, V. Bryusov, Vilenkin, Teternikov, Z. Gippius, Z.Minsk, Z.Snejko; among Uzbek scholars the works of G. Ayimbetova, Nurboy Abdulhakim, Zuhra Mamadalieva are important in this regard. One of the main purpose of this work is to reveal the theoretical foundations of the studies in which the poetics of symbols are studied in world literature, as well as to determine the types of symbols used in world modern poetry. Russian scientist N.I. Snejko defines a symbol as follows: “A symbol is a multidimensional concept, each field of knowledge reveals its meaning based on the object of study”. [11,23] This idea shows that the symbol is used not only in literature, but also in various fields. Continuing his opinion, he writes: "The method of content analysis, in which the most common units are separated and considered productive, is used to identify common, nationally specific, special features in symbol poetry. They organize the symbolic space of the poetic text and seem to create a symbol. They have different natures. Space and time understood as the coordinates of the picture of the world can be called existential, based on the concepts of the physical image of the world. In literature, a symbol, as a unique poetic tool, performs the function of figurative, emotional-expressive expression of artistic thought. Symbols are 29 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference widely used in poetry. The thought expressed through them acquires a deep vital meaning and philosophical essence. The symbol is combined with various related phenomena. In particular, it has signs that are harmonious with metaphor and simile. However, unlike them, a symbol is used figuratively both within the context and in its own meaning. Metaphor, on the other hand, conveys only a figurative meaning. The animal world serves as an object for simile. Based on the above, the article presents the term symbol, its lexical meaning, and definitions in literary dictionaries. On this basis, the specific features of this poetic tool are identified. The issue of attitude to this literary phenomenon in literary studies is studied. The classification of symbols according to their content is presented and their features are clarified. At the same time, the symbol is compared with related phenomena - metaphor and simile, their common and different aspects are highlighted. Materials and methods. In the content coverage of the topic, the materials of several poets were widely used, which were important in the study of symbols in poetry. It is well known to the readers that he had a special attitude to nature - the world of plants, not only in his special poems, but also in his entire work. It is clearly noticeable that the poets approached the world of flora with extremely high point of view of giving it a symbolic meaning. Methods such as comparative analysis, objectivity, systematic approach have also been used from a methodological point of view. Results and discussion. A poem is a product of lyrical experience. There are special means of expressing it powerfully and effectively, and we can include symbols here. The theory of symbols is widely developed in world literature. In particular, the views of English, Russian and Uzbek poetry confirm our opinions. First, let us pay attention to the definition of the term in dictionaries. In literature, symbolism and symbol are distinguished as terms. Symbolism is the name of a literary trend, and a symbol is interpreted as a poetic movement. At the same time, these concepts are mutually exclusive, because symbolism is based on symbols. “Meanings of a symbol: 1. Something that is used or considered as representing something else; a material object that represents something, often something insignificant; an emblem or sign. 2. A letter, number, or other symbol or combin