WAYS TO INCREASE THE NUTRITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT

Аннотация

Ушбу мақолада кузги буғдойни минерал озиқлантириш,органик ўғитлардан фойдаланиш, минерал ўғитлар меъёри, минерал ўғитларини қўллаш усули ва муддатлари ҳақида батафсил баён қилинган. Кузги буғдой ҳосилдорлигини оширишда тупроқларда озиқэлементлар миқдорива нисбатиниҳисобгаолишлозим бўлади. Калит сўзлар: Суғориладиган тупроқ, серҳосил, нам сиғими, тупроқ намлиги, кузги буғдойнингнавлари,бошоқлаши,минерал ўғитлар. Аннотация. В статье подробно рассмотрено минеральное питание озимой пшеницы, применение органических удобрений, нормы минеральных удобрений, способы и сроки внесения минеральных удобрений. При повышении урожайности озимой пшеницы необходимо учитыватьколичество и соотношениеэлементов питаниявпочве. Ключевые слова. Орошаемая почва, плодородие, влагоемкость, влажность почвы, сорта озимойпшеницы,колошение,минеральныеудобрения. Today, a number of measures are being developed to fully satisfy the needs of our country's population in grain and grain products, achieve grain independence and ensure sustainability. The tasks set include creating winter wheat varieties that are suitable for local conditions, high- yielding, with high grain quality, and resistant to diseases and pests in the soil and climatic conditions of our republic, developing seed production, and developing and introducing into production agrotechnology for obtaining high and high-quality grain yields from winter wheat varieties in various soilandclimaticconditions. According to international statistical data, the total wheat production in the world today is 772 million tons. The top 10 wheat-producing countries include the following countries: China, India, Russia, the USA, France, Canada, Pakistan, Ukraine, Australia and Germany. In Uzbekistan,over the past fiveyears, grain yields have exceeded 55centners per hectare, and the total yield has reached 6.5-7.8 million tons. The most urgent tasks are the implementation of intensive agrotechnology in the cultivation of winter wheat varieties, the effective use of irrigated land, and the improvement of technological quality indicators of grain, along with 289 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue08,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai increasing grain yield. The placement of wheat varieties grown in the irrigated areas of our country, taking into account their biological characteristics, the preparation of land and seeds for sowing, the method, norms and timing of sowing, fertilizing with organic and mineral fertilizers, irrigation, the fight against weeds, diseases and pests, the introduction of innovative technologies that ensure the efficient use of water and land resources, as well as the correct selection of varieties and the planting of selected high-quality seeds are required to increase the grain yield of winter wheat. In irrigated conditions, each region has its own soil and climatic conditions, depending on its geographical location and regions. At the same time, a set of new agro-technological measures for new promising varieties, developed based on the natural conditions of the region and recommended to grain growers, will yield high results in the near future. Use of organic fertilizers. Along with mineral fertilizers, organic fertilizers are also of great importance in producing high grain yields from wheat. One of the most important means of increasing soil fertility is the effective use of manure and other organic fertilizers in crop rotation. Especially today, when agriculture is developing intensively, the demand for organic fertilizers is increasing. The effectiveness of organic fertilizers increases significantly when they are used together with mineral fertilizers. Organic (local) fertilizers, along with increasing soil fertility, also increase the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers. Regular use of organic fertilizers, along with enriching the topsoil with nutrients, improves all its properties. At least 40% of the nutrient balance should be accounted for by organic fertilizers. The main organic fertilizers used in grain growing include: manure, peat, various composts and green manures. Organicfertilizers are often applied as themain fertilizerbefore plowing. The most widespread and significant of mineral fertilizers are nitrogen fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in the production of high yields of wheat. Because nitrogen is the main component of plant protein and is part of almost all compounds. Winter wheat needs nitrogen at all stages of its development, from the initial stage of development. Nitrogen fertilizers have a positive effect on the process of plant growth and development, increase the immunity of the plant to the external environment, and improve the quality of the product. The need for nitrogen is especially high during the formation of crop elements in the plant. Because the amount of humus in gray soils is relat