Preparing Children with Speech Impairments to Learn to Read

Аннотация

This article is aimed at studying special pedagogical approaches and methods of preparing children with alalia speech deficiency for literacy. Alalia is a severe speech disorder resulting from organic damage to the speech areas of the cerebral hemispheres, which sharply limits the development of oral speech in children and subsequently leads to serious difficulties in mastering written speech (reading and writing) skills. The article analyzes differential approaches used in preparing children with different forms of alalia for literacy. Problems with articulation and phonemic perception in children with motor alalia, and speech comprehension and auditory memory defects in children with sensory alalia complicate the process of learning to read. Therefore, traditional literacy teaching methods need to be adapted for these children and special methods need to be developed. Keywords: Alalia, motor alalia, sensory alalia, literacy preparation, phonemic perception, phonemic analysis and synthesis, special pedagogical methods, individual educational program, multidisciplinary approach. pedagogical and psychological laws, principles, and Introduction: From the moment a child is born, he is effective pedagogical tools in general pedagogy, surrounded by various sounds, for example: human psychology, and defectology. The development of a speech, music, rustling of leaves, chirping of birds, etc. child's speech depends not only on perception and However, of all the sounds that a child's ear can pronunciation, but also on the child's ability to perceive, only speech sounds in words serve as the distinguish the sound composition of words in his own main tool for him to communicate with adults, speech and in the speech of others. Psycholinguists exchange various information, and motivate him to have established that perception serves to distinguish activity. sounds outside of speech and sounds in speech. Sounds Everyone who communicates with children knows that in human speech carry meaning. The sound in speech even a one-year-old child understands more words that carries meaning is called a phoneme. Phonemic than he can say, but despite the child's good perception is the ability to hear a meaningful sound, a pronunciation and perception, his speech is not fully phoneme, distinguish it from other sounds, and formed. The full formation of all aspects of a child's determine its quality (vowel, consonant, sonorous, speech develops intensively and rapidly during voiceless, frontal, back, gliding, etc.). If a child's preschool and school age. Scientific and theoretical phonemic hearing is not well developed, he will not be approaches to clarifying and substantiating the able to correctly perceive the meaning of words, problem of speech development in children with because he will substitute similar sounds, for example, underdeveloped speech, which is of great importance, boy-poy, tul-kul, bas-tas. As a result of the are based on the integration of initial theoretical underdevelopment of phonemic hearing, various positions, the position of philosophy, general and speech defects are observed in the development of special sciences, pedagogy and psychology. The speech. Phonemic perception gradually improves development of the research concept, its scientific and towards the formation of pronunciation. theoretical understanding and justification, the A.R. Luria, having studied speech in all aspects, came to organization and testing of experimental work, the the conclusion that expressive speech and impressive analysis and discussion of existing materials, as well as speech are interconnected. Speech hearing disorders the drawing of conclusions are carried out to a certain certainly affect pronunciation and to some extent extent with constant reliance on the existing general International Journal of Pedagogics 8 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) negatively affect the formation of not only the development of the ability to distinguish phonemes in phonetic-phonemic component of the speech system, children be carried out conditionally in six stages: but also the lexical and grammatical components. • Understanding non-speech sounds; Conversely, disorders of articulatory processes affect • Differentiating the same word, phrase, sound speech perception and the ability to understand the combinations and sentences; impressive, that is, the content of the word. In order to understand speech, it is necessary to observe the • Differentiating sounds that are similar in sound following conditions: a) the ability to distinguish the composition; subject; b) attentive observation of the object; c) • Separating syllables. That is, differentiation; emotional state, etc. The issue of speech perception • Separating, differentiating phonemes; has also been widely studied in methodological and • Analyzing sounds, forming elementary reading and pedagogical literature. An analysis of this literat