Use of Antonyms in Folk Tales

Аннотация

The largest lexical group in the language of fairy tales is formed by antonyms, which is related to the genre features of the fairy tale. The plot of a fairy tale is built on the formation of opposing sides and their struggle, and opposition constitutes the basis of its artistic poetics. Antonyms enhance the expressiveness of the fairy tale. Keywords: Antonym, fairy tale, antithesis, folk, text, feature. formation of opposing sides and their struggle, and Introduction: Antonyms are pairs of units belonging to opposition forms the basis of its artistic poetics. In folk the same part of speech that are formed on the basis tales, a large number of antonyms with different roots of opposite meanings. The wide use of antonymy in folk and antonyms with the same root are distinguished. tales is very similar to that of synonyms. When speaking Antonyms are often used within a single sentence. This about words being in an antonymic relationship, it phenomenon is especially common in Uzbek folk tales. should be understood that not all meanings are meant, but usually only one specific meaning. In the language Antonyms with different roots. This type of antonym of fairy tales, the largest lexical group is formed by has different word roots but is semantically opposite to antonyms, and this is related to the genre features of each other: the fairy tale. The plot of a fairy tale is built on the Antonym Reference Example phrase (excerpt from a fairy tale) pair Zumrad va Qimmat // O‘zbek xalq “Everyone was kind to the good girl Zumrad, but good – bad ertaklari. – Toshkent: Yozuvchi, 1982. – no one liked the bad Qimmat.” B. 23. Qora qush va oq qush // O‘zbek xalq white – “The white bird would bring good fortune, while black the black bird would bring sorrow.” ertaklari. – Toshkent: Fan, 1978. – B. 17. Donishmand chol // O‘zbek xalq ertaklari. “Even if it is big, the work should be started small,” big – small said the old man. – Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1980. – B. 8. Boy ila gado // O‘zbek xalq ertaklari. – friend – “He did not know whether that person was a friend enemy or an enemy.” Toshkent: Fan, 1971. – B. 35. Tulki va tipratikan // O‘zbek xalq ertaklari. fast – slow “He ran fast but forgot how to walk slowly.” – Toshkent: Yozuvchi, 1979. – B. 15. “Only the one who chooses the straight path Oqibatli yigit // O‘zbek xalq ertaklari. – straight – reaches the destination, while the crooked path crooked Toshkent: O‘qituvchi, 1983. – B. 21. leads astray.” “A hungry person does not understand the state of a Och va to‘q // O‘zbek xalq ertaklari. – hungry – full full person.” American Journal Of Philological Sciences 23 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) Toshkent: Fan, 1975. – B. 11. numerals such as one–forty, and antonymic adverbs These antonyms create the contrast between such as few–many. As we know, numerals indicate the characters in fairy tales (good and bad); reveal the number, quantity, and order of objects. It is clear that moral idea of the fairy tale (friend and enemy); produce they cannot be semantically opposite. However, there dramatic conflict (white and black); and emphasize the may be a very large difference between numbers, and internal logic of complex events (straight and crooked). they can combine to form antonymic pairs, which Single-root (affixal) antonyms. These antonyms share belong to the paradigm of antonymic pairs. the same word root but express opposition through Antonyms enhance the expressiveness of a fairy tale. affixes. They have the same root, but are formed by One of the features characteristic of fairy-tale language negative or oppositional affixes, and are mainly used in is the frequent use of paired words and antonyms, that verb forms. Such antonyms not only convey semantic is, complex antonyms. In English fairy tales, such cases opposition but also create rhythm and imagery in are observed quite often. spoken language. In folk tales, we can also encounter antonymic Antonym Pair Meaning Example from fairy tale (Murakkab antonim) rich and poor boy va kambag‘al “He was kind to rich and poor alike.” (Jack and the Beanstalk) big or small katta yoki kichik “No job was too big or small for the clever tailor.” (The Brave Little Tailor) young and old yosh va qari “Everyone, young and old, came to hear the story.” good and evil yaxshilik va “It was a tale of good and evil, where good always yomonlik wins.” (Cinderella) right and wrong to‘g‘ri va “He couldn’t tell right from wrong, yet he ruled noto‘g‘ri the land.” night and day tun va kun “The castle stood silent through night and day.” high and low yuqori va past / “They searched high and low, but the golden jamiyatdagi tabaqalar goose was gone.” (The Golden Goose) near and far yaqin va uzoq “From near and far, people came to see the dragon.” (St. George and the Dragon) up and down yuqoriga va “He ran up and down the beanstalk.” (Jack and the pastga Beanstalk) here and there u yoq bu yoq