Influence of sowing schemes on the fixibility of export-propected varieties of apple on different weldings depending on the climatic conditions of the republic of karakalpakstan

Аннотация

In 2025, experiments were conducted on an area of 0.15 hectares at the Қорақалпоқ Scientific and Experimental Station of the Academician M.M.Mirzaev Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking. The yield and growth of apple varieties grafted on MM-106, M-IX, MM-111 and seed grafts with 60x15 cm, 80x10 cm, and 50x20 cm grafting schemes were studied, and the degree of influence of bud grafting on the planting scheme and grafts was determined. Keywords: Graft, dominant apple, variety, bud graft, vegetation, observations. Introduction: Gross volume of apple production worldwide today 80.5 million tons, the leading positions are occupied by China (44.45 million tons, respectively), the USA (4.65 million tons), Poland (3.60 million tons) and Turkey (2.93 million tons). In countries that occupy the first places in The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical 9 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajabe Engineering The American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering the world in the cultivation and export of apples, about potential productivity of apple varieties such as 90-95% of apple orchards are grown in intensive Jonathan, Golden Delicious, Mekintosh, Jonared, Kidz orchards based on dwarf rootstocks. In these Orange Red, Royal Red Delicious, and Korey on the M-IV countries, in order to further intensify intensive apple rootstock in the central horticultural region of Stavropol orchards (using super dwarf rootstocks, studying Krai. As a result of the collected economic indicators, the meadow-like braided orchards), in-depth scientific feasibility of cultivating the Golden Delicious and Korean research is being conducted on the cultivation of varieties on the M-IV rootstock was proven. On this environmentally friendly products, the production of rootstock, their yield, yield of standard fruits, and crown new competitive varieties with high yields, high-quality productivity (average yield per 1 m3 of crown - 9.4 and fruits, and resistance to environmental stress factors. 14.2 kg) were high. These varieties yielded a stable harvest even in unfavorable weather conditions.[1, 19- In the Action Strategy for the further development of 20-p]. the Republic of Uzbekistan, this issue is also defined as one of the priority areas - the propagation of weakly Shi Biying, in his scientific and practical research, studied growing seedlings in local conditions and the the morpho-biological characteristics of the Golden organization of their delivery to farmers. However, in Delicious apple variety depending on various rootstocks, practice, since the main part of such seedlings is so far the level of agrotechnical practices, and the necessary imported from foreign countries, the development of agrotechnical measures (shape, planting scheme, etc.). the national seedling industry and the establishment of Based on research, the most optimal cultivation technologies for growing weakly growing seedlings parameters for this variety have been scientifically adapted to the local climate is of great importance. substantiated [2, pp. 59-64]. In the Decree of the President of the Republic of A.R. Rasulov in a 12-year-old garden on 7 medium- Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 No. UP-60 "On the growing rootstocks Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022- The state of 9 apple varieties (M-II, M3, M-IV, M5, M-VII, 2026," special attention is paid to "increasing the MM106 and SK1) was studied. The highest productivity income of dekhkans and farmers by at least 2 times of the varieties on the M-IV rootstock ranged from 12.7 through the intensive development of agriculture on a t/ha (variety Royal Red Delicious) to 23.4 t/ha (variety scientific basis, bringing the annual growth of Alpinist). SK1 came in second, M-VII in third. The M-IV agriculture to at least 5 percent, especially by 2026 and SK1 rootstocks were not only more productive than bringing the volume of food products to 7.4 million other medium-growing rootstocks, but also produced tons, the level of processing of fruits and vegetables to high-quality fruit. The disadvantage of the MM106 28 percent," based on the main indicators and rootstock is the tendency of the grafted varieties to sag. indicators, it is planned to increase the area of seed [3; 110-114-p.]. orchards from 11,634 hectares to 10% in 2022, 15% in According to M.P. Tarasenko [4, p. 188], there are 2025, and 18% in 2030. In this regard, expanding the currently several types of intensive bonds: 1. On strong range of fruit varieties in Uzbekistan, selecting high- (seed) and weakly growing (clone) rootstocks with yielding varieties, and improving the technology of different shapes of branches; 2. Super intensive growing their seedlings is a relevant scientific orchards; 3. Spur bonds; 4. Meadow gardens; 5. Column direction. gardens. Old technologies of extensive horticulture no LITERATURE ANALYSIS longer meet the requirements of modern intensive Today, in many countries wher