INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FIELD OF LEGAL SERVICES

Аннотация

В статье всесторонне рассматриваются международные и национальные правовые основы регулирования использования искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в сфере юридических услуг. Проанализированы различные модели управления ИИ, применяемые в ведущих странах мира, включая Европейский Союз, США, Китай и другие, с учетом их правовых традиций, политических приоритетов и культурных особенностей. Особое внимание уделяется усилиям Узбекистана по развитию технологий ИИ, включая создание специальных правовых режимов, направленных на стимулирование инноваций и обеспечение безопасной технологической среды. Подчеркивается, что гармонизация национальной политики с передовым мировым опытом является важным условием для укрепления технологического суверенитета, защиты персональных данных, обеспечения прав человека и экономической стабильности. Ответственное использование ИИ в юридической сфере требует сбалансированной нормативной базы, которая одновременно стимулирует инновации и предотвращает риски, способствуя формированию общественного доверия и повышению конкурентоспособности страны на международной арене. Ключевые слова: Искусственный интеллект, правовое регулирование, управление ИИ, международный опыт, политика Узбекистана в сфере ИИ, защита данных, право инноваций, технологический суверенитет, юридические услуги. "Artificial intelligence is an important element of the fourth industrial revolution. Its rapid development and expansion of practical application require the inclusion of this phenomenon in the field of law. Regulating public relations in one way or another, associated with the development and application of artificial intelligence, is a complex task, specialists have different views on which areas and activities should be regulated, and the proposed approaches to regulation differ significantly in different countries[1]. 155 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference It is known that different countries of the world use different models for managing artificial intelligence, taking into account their legal traditions, political goals, and cultural characteristics. Some countries prefer strict legal control, while others focus on flexible, innovative approaches. Analysis of these models shows how different systems balance technological progress with public safety and ethical standards. In addition to national efforts, international organizations plays an important role in the formation of management. For example, international organizations such as the European Union, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), UNESCO, the United Nations (UN), the G7, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization are working on creating common recommendations and developing cross-border cooperation. These collective efforts will contribute to the creation of a common approach to the responsible use of artificial intelligence and solving emerging global problems. As for advanced international experience in the field of artificial intelligence management leading models have different approaches. Each is shaped by national interests, legal systems, and strategic goals. Below, the approaches of the European Union, the USA, China, Great Britain, Canada, Japan, and other leading countries are considered, and various paths leading to safe, ethical, and innovative development are highlighted. The European Union was one of the first to regulate artificial intelligence, actively and based on a systematic approach. In particular, on April 21, 2021, the European Commission adopted the "Act on Artificial Intelligence." This innovative normative document uses a risk-based approach, that is, it divides artificial intelligence systems into four levels: (2) unacceptable risk, (3) high risk, (4) limited risk, and (5) minimal risk. Classifying these systems based on their potential threats to security and fundamental rights is aimed at reducing the problems associated with rapidly developing artificial intelligence technologies and encourages innovation and helps maintain trust among EU member states. In addition, it was adopted on April 27, 2016, and came into force on May 25, 2018. "General Data Protection Regulation" of the European Union Data Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Combating Corruption." As a result, the European Union's approach to AI management, developed by the European Commission in cooperation with the European Parliaments and the Council of the European Union, is one of the first models in the world. Strict control of high- 156 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference risk systems and a flexible and balanced approach to low-risk systems form the basis of this management model. The United States, in turn, applies a more decentralized, industry-oriented approach to AI management. Instead of implementing a unified regulatory framework, the US relies on guidelines and oversight developed by various federal agencies. This model is adap