Инвестиционные споры и некоторые правовые механизмы разрешения инвестиционных споров

Аннотация

Nowadays questions of legal regulation of incentives [15], and improving dispute resolution systems investments and investment dispute resolutions are very [3]. Another potential method of promoting foreign invest- actual for the Republic of Uzbekistan. In accordance with ment involves signing an investment treaty [10]. that, the author analyses questions of emergence of the It can be mentioned, that in regulation of such ques- investment disputes. In the basic part of the article, legal tions a big role plays international agreements, in particu- mechanisms of investment dispute resolution are exam- lar Bilateral investment treaties. Today, nearly 170 coun- ined. In conclusion the author comes to opinion that in tries have signed onto one or more BITs [1]. These trea- investment dispute resolution ICSID arbitration is very ties offer foreign investors a series of economic rights, popular, but there is the need to use and improve such including the right to arbitrate claims, in hopes of attracting mechanisms of ADR as negotiation, mediation and concil- Foreign Direct Investment (“FDI”) that will bring a country iation infrastructure projects, financing, know-how, new jobs and, Key words: investment, foreign investment, invest- economic stability [11]. ment disputes, bilateral investment treaty, dispute resolu- The existence of an investment treaty is one variable tion, conflict of laws. that may affect decisions to invest internationally. Other critical variables influencing investment choices can in- Аннотация: В настоящее время вопросы правово- clude the potential financial risks and benefits to the inves- го регулирования инвестиций и разрешения инвести- tor, the stability of an investment environment, the availa- ционных споров очень актуальны для Республики Уз- bility of appropriate human capital, access to effective бекистан. В соответствии с этим, автор анализирует enforcement procedures, embedded personal and profes- вопросы возникновения инвестиционных споров. В sional relationships, and other factors. While the availabil- основной части статьи исследованы правовые меха- ity of investment treaty arbitration may play some role in низмы разрешения инвестиционных споров. В заклю- influencing investment determinations, the specific scope чении автор приходит к выводу, что при разрешении and impact of that role has not been articulated. Neverthe- инвестиционных споров особую популярность обрета- less, to the extent that dispute resolution mechanisms in ет МЦУИС, но при этом возникает необходимость в investment treaties may influence an investor’s decision to использовании и совершенствовании таких механиз- invest or affect the manner in which they structure their мов альтернативных способов разрешения споров как transaction, they are worthy of consideration — particular- переговоры, медиация и примирение. ly as countries are targeting effective alternative dispute Ключевые слова: инвестиции, иностранные инве- resolution systems as a method of fostering foreign in- стиции, инвестиционные споры, двусторонние инве- vestment [12]. стиционные соглашения, урегулирование споров, кол- International investment law has experienced a par- лизионные нормы. ticular growth. While the number of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) expanded in the past years, there has also Аннотация: Бугунги кунда инвестицяиларни been a more recent growth of disputes arising under these ҳуқуқий тартибга солиш ҳамда инвестиция низоларини agreements [7]. ҳал этиш Ўзбекистон Республикаси учун юқори Unsurprisingly, the escalation in the availability and аҳамиятли масалалардандир. Шунга асосан, муаллиф use of the dispute resolution process has led to a teething инвестиция низоларини вужудга келишини таҳлил period. The boundaries of States’ previously untested in- қилган. Мақоланинг асосий қисмида инвестиция ternational law obligations are being sketched; and parties низоларини ҳал этишнинг ҳуқуқий механизмлари and non-parties have both cheered and jeered the effica- ўрганилган. Мақола якунида муаллиф инвестиция cy, efficiency and fairness of the system for resolving in- низоларини ҳал этишда Инвестиция низоларини ҳал vestment disputes. Given these developments, the system этиш халқаро марказининг ўрни ва аҳамияти ошиб may have evolved to the point where it would be useful to бораётганлигини, лекин низоларни ҳал этишнинг clean the proverbial clock [13]. муқобил усулларини, жумладан музокара ва ярашув The resolution of international investment disputes has институтларини қўллаш ва ривожлантириш зарурати changed over the past century or so. Disputes that were вужуждга келмоқдалигини кўрсатган. once handled only on a state-to-state basis are now com- Калит сўзлар: инвестиция, чет эл инвестицияси, monly resolved through arbitrations in which private par- инвестиция низолари, иккитарафлама инвестиция ties bring their own claims. The evolution of dispute reso- шартномалари, низоларни ҳал этиш, коллизион lution from diplomatic protection to direct