PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE OPERATION OF A LIGHT VEHICLE'S BRAKE SYSTEM

Аннотация

This analysis explores the various energy sources used in automotive transport, focusing on gasoline, diesel, electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in optimizing energy efficiency, predicting vehicle performance, and enhancing sustainability. By using AI-driven models, researchers and engineers can assess environmental impacts, forecast energy demands, and develop smart mobility solutions. The integration of AI with automotive systems also enables real-time monitoring and adaptive energy management. This synergy between AI and alternative energy sources is essential for advancing cleaner, more efficient transportation. The study aims to guide future innovation in energy usage and vehicle technologies. Keywords: AI, Automobile transport, energy sources, gasoline, diesel, CNG, LPG, biofuel, electricity, hydrogen. Introduction. Automobile transport is one of the most important sectors of the economy on a global scale, and its efficiency and environmental safety directly depend on the energy sources used. Currently, despite the high global demand for petroleum products, the tightening of environmental standards, climate change, and limited energy resources require new solutions in the transport sector. Therefore, the diversification of energy sources in road transport, that is, the efficient use of various types of fuel and energy, is becoming a pressing issue. This article analyzes existing and prospective energy sources in road transport. Discussion. Analyzing energy sources in automobile transport is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Today, due to the increasing global consumption of fuel and energy resources, stricter environmental requirements, and the need to improve vehicle efficiency, there is a trend towards widespread use of alternative energy sources alongside traditional ones. Automobile transport primarily uses hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, compressed and liquefied gas. Their advantages include high energy density, good combustion properties, and well-developed infrastructure. However, these fuels also have negative aspects: they release harmful emissions into the atmosphere, intensify global warming processes, and frequent fluctuations in fuel prices affect economic stabilityin thetransport sector. Therefore, in recent years, the automotive industry has been actively striving to introduce alternative energy sources, such as electricity, hydrogen fuel, biofuel, and hybrid systems. Electric vehicles (EV) are considered the most environmentally friendly, as they emit practically zero emissions during operation. But their disadvantages are the high cost of battery production, limited energy reserves, and insufficiently developed charging infrastructure. Nevertheless, the electric car market is expanding year by year, which will allow reducing oil dependency in thefuture. Hydrogen fuel is also one of the promising directions, which is converted into electrical energy using fuel cells and generates only water vapor as waste. However, hydrogen production and 232 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue08,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai storage technologies are still complex and expensive. Biofuels, such as biodiesel and bioethanol, are significant because they can be used in traditional engines almost without modifications. They are obtained from renewable sources, but large-scale production requires the use of agricultural land resources, which can affect foodsecurity. In the future, it is unlikely that there will be a single stop in the choice of energy sources in road transport, since optimal solutions differ for different countries, regions, and economies. Currently, hybrid systems remain the most common intermediate solution due to their flexibility. These systems combine a traditional engine and an electric motor to reduce fuel consumptionand reduce emissions. Analysis of energy sources in road transport requires taking into account not only technical and economic factors, but also environmental and social aspects. Current trends show that the process of introducing alternative energy sources is accelerating, but consistent work must be carried out to adapt the existing infrastructure, improve energy storage technologies, and reduce costs. When analyzing energy sources in road transport, they can be divided into three main groups: traditional fuels, alternative fuels, and futureenergy sources. 1.Traditional fuels (gasoline anddiesel) Gasoline has high explosive properties and is widely used in internal combustion engines. Advantages - widespread use and high level of technological readiness. Disadvantage - high CO2and CHemissions,as well as volatilityinfuel prices. Diesel is characterized by high torque and fuel efficiency. Advantages - relatively low fuel consumption, efficient for long distances.