METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE SUSPENSION MECHANISM OF A UNIVERSAL ENERGY VEHICLE

Аннотация

This work is dedicated to calculating the lifting force of the suspension mechanism based on its kinematic diagram. The calculation analyzes two main states of the mechanism: the conditional working state (CWS) and the upper extreme position (U), determining the forces and moments under load step by step. Considering the maximum lifting force in the upper position of the mechanism, the number and type of hydraulic cylinders are selected. This ensures the mechanism's load-bearing capacity (3.5 tons). Additionally, the line of action of the hydraulic cylinder isdetermined through kinematicanalysis. Keywords:suspension mechanism, kinematicdiagram, lifting force, hydraulic cylinder, working position,moment analysis Introduction. The lifting force of the suspension mechanism is calculated by sequentially determining the forces and moments in the joints of the links for a load applied at a conditional point (center of gravity) in thekinematicdiagram (Fig. 1). In this case, the calculation is performed for two positions of the suspension mechanism: the conditional working position "CWS" (in the horizontal position of the longitudinal rod) and the upper extreme position "U," since in the lower extreme position "L" the applied force arm is relatively small,therefore itslifting force is less than in theprevious positions. The universal power unit is designed for a suspension mechanism with a lifting capacity of 3.5 tons (34.34 kN). Based on the maximum lifting force obtained in two cases, the number and model of hydraulic cylinders to be installed are selected. In this case, the line of action of the hydraulic cylinders is determined through kinematicanalysis of thesuspension mechanism. The calculation of the lifting force of the suspension device is performed based on the kinematic diagram ofthesuspension mechanism for theupper extremeposition"B." http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 144 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Figure1.Kinematic diagram of thesuspension mechanism The resistance moment at theOhinge oftheOMN longitudinal rod isequal to [17] M0 M = L G , (1) 0 М where: L -is theload arm relativeto theOhinge. ofGM The force Pk applied to pointK perpendicularto thesegment OK isequal to M P = 0 , (2) K OK KB force Pp acting in thedirection ofinclination P = P cosa , (3) p K where α=φ - 90° is the angle between the KB inclination direction and the perpendicular to the longitudinal tension segment OK. From thetriangleΔOBK according to thelawof cosines OB2 =OK2 + KB2 -2 OK KB cosj, from this OK2 + KB2 -OB2 j=arccos 2 OK KB Force (component of acting at point B perpendicular to the opposite direction of the turning PB Pp) lever CB P = P cosb , (4) B p where β=90° - γ is the angle between the KB inclination direction and the perpendicular to the turning lever CB; γ is the angle between KB inclination and CB turning lever where β=900 - γ - angle between thedirection of inclinationKB and theperpendiculartotheturning lever CB; From thetriangleΔCBKbased onthelaw ofcosines CB2 + KB2 -CK2 g=arccos 2 CB KB The resistance momentMC at theC hinge oftheCB turning lever isdetermined as follows: M = P CB . (5) C B The required lifting force PP applied to point A of the CB turning lever PP in the direction of the hydraulic cylinderforce M P = C , (6) П h where: h-C is the arm relative tothehinge. PP ΔCAE,based onthesinetheorem, thefollowing ratio is obtained CA h = , sinE siny from this http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 145 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 (since =90o), where ψ -PC theangle between thedirection offorce action and theCB turninglever is ΔCAC from thetriangle according to thecosine theorem h =CA siny sinE =CA siny (чунки E=90º), The force generated bythe hydrauliccylinder P is determined bythefollowing relationship: C , where p - pressure ofthefluid in theline, MPa; D-cylinder diameter, m. f Based on the maximum lifting force, the number of hydraulic cylinders to be installed n is C determined: P n = n =1,89 . (7) Ц P Ц Weselect two hydrauliccylinders for thesuspension mechanism, with a totalforce of = C100 2PC100 264.4kN, which isPP=232.73 kNΔPC =13.67 kN (5.87%)greater than thecalculated force. Conclusion. Thus, a method for calculating the mounting mechanism of a tractor with increased load capacity has been proposed. Based on this, the force and resistance moments in the hinged joints of the tractor's suspension mechanism links were determined. As a result of the calculations, it was shown that with the help of two C100hydraulic cylinders, it is possibleto lift aload of3.5t placed at theconditional point MNof thekinematicscheme ofthe HOT.