SOME FEATURES OF THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE POPULATION OF THE SANGZOR-ZAMIN REGION AT THE TURN OF THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES

Аннотация

This article explores key aspects of the material culture of the population of the Sangzor-Zamin region, particularly in the Jizzakh oasis, at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Special attention is given to traditional practices related to horse equipment and horse breeding. The author examines terminology related to equestrian gear preserved in the local dialects, analyzing their functional features and comparing them with similar terms used among other Turkic peoples. The study highlights the ethnolinguistic heritage of the Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and partially Tajik populations of the region, revealing both shared and unique cultural elements. The results contribute to the understanding and preservation of the linguistic and cultural legacy of Turkic-speaking communities. Keywords. Jizzakh oasis, Sangzor-Zamin region, material culture, horse equipment, horse breeding, Turkic peoples, ethnolinguistics, traditional terminology, saddle and tack, folk heritage. In the material culture of the inhabitants of the Jizzakh oasis at the beginning of the 20th and 21st centuries, traditions typical of the local peoples of Central Asia predominated, but some of the oasis's own characteristics were also noticeable. There are several types of material culture of the local inhabitants of the Jizzakh oasis, and here we found it appropriate to shed light on some aspects of the material culture of the inhabitants of this oasis by studying traditions related to horse equipment, which is an important branch of horse breeding. In almost all countries of Central Asia, including various regions and districts of Uzbekistan, livestock and horses occupy a special place in the economic lifestyle and cultural and everyday life of the rural population. In particular, the fact that various rituals and customs related to horse breeding have retained their significance to some extent to this day indicates that ancient traditions are still preserved in the economic life of the peoples of the region. It is noteworthy that many traditions of the rural population of the Jizzakh oasis related to horse breeding - such as the effective use of horses, breeding thoroughbred horses, preparing horses for harness, feeding horses and making riding equipment - have been preserved to a certain extent. It should be noted that, as in all historical and cultural lands of Central Asia, the population of the Jizzakh oasis, especially among the Uzbek, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz peoples who were nomadic herders in the past, has preserved various terms related to horse equipment - saddles, harnesses, and harnesses. The almost identical terms related to horse equipment among the Turkic peoples, whose way of life has been dominated by nomadic herders since ancient times, are also evidenced by the unity of terms used in the languages of the fraternal peoples of the Jizzakh oasis. It is known that among the Turkic peoples, there are many types of saddles and harnesses, that is, equipment used for riding horses, and they are divided into types such as "old saddle", "men's saddle", "women's saddle", "children's saddle" depending on their use in everyday life. 46 ` Also, depending on the material from which the saddles are made, they are called "birch saddle", "pine saddle", "iron saddle", etc., and depending on the precious metals used as additional parts or decorations, they are called "gold saddle", "silver saddle", "iron saddle", "embroidered saddle". In addition, among the Turkic peoples, there are also types that are divided into "coptolli saddle", "layik saddle", "big saddle", "small saddle", "koqand / koqoni saddle", "Kalmyk saddle", "achamay saddle", etc. Among the mainly Uzbek, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and partly Tajik inhabitants of the Jizzakh oasis, the following names are found for saddles and other horse equipment: “to‘qim”, “zhellik (ellik)”, “tebingi”, “ayil”, “kuyushqon”, “o‘mildirik”, “kanjiga‘a”, “uzangi”, “tarol‘gi” or “uzangi bog‘”, “yugan / jugan”, “chilvir”, “tizgin”, “no‘xta”, “suvliq”, “og‘izliq” and a number of other object names. As will be discussed in more detail below, in almost all Turkic peoples, words related to saddles and other horse equipment are used in the same way, their function and form of manufacture also have much in common. Interestingly, unlike a number of Turkic peoples, the Uzbek people, whose way of life has been sedentary for many centuries - farming - have preserved most of the words related to saddles and harnesses even today. Some of them are found in Uzbek dialects and do not differ much from other Turkic peoples in this respect. Below, we will briefly touch on the names of horse equipment and the functions they perform: Although a significant part of these terms is understandable to a large part of the population, today some segments of the population, in particular, residents of urban and district centers, and young people, do not understand the literal meaning of these words. This is a natural process, which is due to th