INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND THEIR ROLE IN WORSENING CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Аннотация

Background: Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) play a key role in the progression and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure (CHF). Objective: To investigate the relationship between circulating cytokine levels and acute decompensation in CHF patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Bukhara Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care between 2022–2025. Fifty-six CHF patients were divided into stable (n=28) and acute decompensated (n=28) groups. Serum cytokine levels were assessed using ELISA, and results were analyzed using SPSS v25. Results: Patients with acute decompensated CHF had significantly elevated levels of TNF-α (14.2 ± 4.1 pg/mL vs. 6.5 ± 2.2; p<0.01), IL-6 (12.6 ± 3.7 vs. 5.8 ± 2.0; p<0.01), and IL-1β (9.8 ± 2.6 vs. 4.2 ± 1.3; p<0.05) compared to the stable CHF group. These levels correlated with higher NYHA class, BNP, NT-proBNP, and inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR). Conclusion: Elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels are strongly associated with acute CHF decompensation, suggesting their utility as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Cytokine profiling may aid early detection and management of worsening heart failure.