THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THE QUR'AN AND SUNNAH

Аннотация

The Quran and Sunnah, the main sources of Islamic teachings, cover the issue of family very extensively and clearly. In Islam, the family is considered a sacred system of human life. It is interpreted not only as a means of satisfying biological or social needs, but also as a solidfoundation leading tospiritual and moral perfection. Keywords: Islam, family, Quran, Sunnah, moral values, spiritual development, Islamic teachings, sacred system, social structure TheHoly Quranstates: “He created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may find tranquility in them. And He put between you love and mercy. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who reflect.”(Surah Ar-Rum, verse 21)[1]. This verse mentions the creation of a family as one of God’s blessings. Concepts such as “treasure,” “love,” and “mercy” do not only refer to passionate intimacy, but also to a successful harmony of hearts and spiritual harmony. This shows that family relationships in Islamicphilosophyshould bestrong not only in form, but also inspirit. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) exemplified ideal family relationships in his life. His dealings with his spouses, his gentleness, his shared responsibility, and his educational approach are widely documented in thesources oftheSunnah. Our Prophet (peace beuponhim): “The best of you are those who are kind to their wives. I am the best of you to them.”[2] The word “kindness” in this hadith has a broad meaning: it includes qualities such as respect, love, patience, provision, psychological support, and compassion. Thus, marriage is not only a wedding and a legal contract, but also a spiritual duty and a path to perfection. In another verse, Allah says: “They (women) are your clothing, and you are their clothing.” (Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 187)[3] This phrase symbolically expresses the closeness between couples. Clothing protects a person from external threats, adorns him, and brings him closer. Similarly, couples should be a source of protection, adornment, and closeness for each other. Another important hadithin theSunnah regarding familyrelations is: “Be good to your children, raise themwell. Forthey are atrust given to you.”[4]. Here it is emphasized that raising children is not only the responsibility of parents, but also their dutyto God. This has jurisprudential, moral, andphilosophical foundations. In Islamic philosophy, the family is an institution that is responsible not only for the individual but also for society. According to the Quran, evils such as immorality, adultery, oppression of women, and neglectful upbringing of children lead to the destruction of society. Therefore, Islamicteachings pay closeattention tothefamily. Iwill present the section “Philosophical Views of Scholars: The Family Theory ofAl-Farabi, Al- Ghazali, and Others” in a scientific manner, with footnotes and quotes. This section analyzes the meaning given tofamily andmarriage byhistorical representatives of Islamicphilosophy. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue7,2025 48 Philosophical views of scholars: Thefamily theory ofAl-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, and others. In Islamic philosophy, the concept of family has been widely discussed not only from a religious and legal perspective, but also from a philosophical and moral perspective. In particular, thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Imam Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Rushd expressed profound thoughts about theroleof thefamily inthe spiritualdevelopment ofa person and thestabilityofsociety. Abu Nasr Al-Farabi (870–950) In his work “Ahl al-Madinah al-Fazila” (People of the Virtuous City), Al-Farabi emphasizes the importance of the family environment in the education of an ideal society and a person. According to him, in order to form an ideal person, a spiritual and moral environment must first becreated inthe family. According toAl-Farabi: “A person reaches perfection through reason and morality. These two are first formed in the family”[1]. He considers the ideal system of upbringing in a family environment based on love, decency, knowledge and mutual respect. This shows that the status of the family in Islamic philosophy is notonly personal, but also includes philosophical andsocial tasks. Imam Ghazzali(1058–1111) Imam Ghazzali devoted a separate chapter to family life in his work “Ihya Ulum al-Din”. It describes in detail therelationship between aman and a woman, the spiritual essence ofmarriage, andtheresponsibilitiesof couples. Hewrites: “The family is a school that educates the soul. In it, a person learns not only love, but also patience, non-violentrule and responsibility”[2]. Ghazzali sees marriage not only as a way to legalize lust, but also as a spiritual means of uniting hearts. According to him, family stability cannot be achieved if the relationship between couples isnot builtonrespect and mutual protection. Ibn Sina(980–1037) In Ibn Sina's philosophy, man is defined not only as a unity of soul and body, but also as a social being. He emphasizes the