LEXICAL UNITS OF DESCRIBING HUMAN CHARACTER IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Аннотация

This article aims to compare and contrast lexical units for describing human personality in English and Uzbek languages. Research seeks to identify and analyze similarities and differences among descriptive words of two different languages related to the description of human qualities. By examining nouns, adjectives, and zoonyms that build up descriptive words this article intends to focus on the variations in the usage of lexical means in two different languages and cultures. Key terms:description, character, adjective, appearance, action. Introduction. This article is written to highlight the differences and similarities of the English and Uzbek lexical units which are used for describing human character. According to the anthropocentric paradigm, human is the center of all consideration, so this article will compare howpeoplechoose words todescribe human personality traits in two different languages. Materials and methods. The purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth examination of descriptive lexical units related to human character in both English and Uzbek languages, as found in dictionaries and literary works. The primary materials used in this analysis are fictional textsand dictionaries. The used methods in the article include descriptive method that is based on collecting data about lexical means of both languages, analyzing their similarity and differences and comparative method for comparing the lexical. Componential method is also one of the effectively used methods.This article is based onaqualitativemethod. Results and discussion. According to the APA Dictionary of Psychology, personality refers to the unique combination of behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns that shape how an individual adapts to life. Human character includes various qualities like honesty, integrity, empathy, and resilience. These traits serve as the basis for our actions and choices. Individuals with strong character consistently demonstrate ethical and moral principles, which help build trustand respect both among theirpeers and within thewider community. There are several ways of describing human character. a) Appearance. By describing external look and physique of people, their taste, personality and social status canbe determined. Qualityin English How this quality is Qualityin Uzbek understood as acharacter muscular strong/kuchli zabardast, baquvvat skinny weak/kuchsiz qiltiriq, ozg’in wearingblack powerful, serious/ jiddiy qorarangda kiyinish wearingyellow joyful, optimist/ quvnoq yorqin rangli kiyinish https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue7,2025 35 As it is seen in this table, there are similar understandings in both languages after looking at the appearance of people. Muscular people are accepted as strong characterized people, while skinny ones seem to be weak. People’s taste of choosing outfit color can also be the sign of their character. b)Actions. Doing thisorthat action may reveal people’s behavior. Action inEnglish How this action is interpreted Action inUzbek as acharacter notkeeping eye contact lier/yolg’onchi ko’zga qaramay gapirish laughing much happiness / yengiltaklik ko’pkulish avoidingmuch conversations introvert/ odamovi ko’pmuloqotga kirishmaslik It is visible from this table that actions can interpret the behavior of people and in English and Uzbek they mostly have the similar interpretation. However, this is not stable. For instance, actions like laughter can be accepted among various nations differently as overly laughing is not asign ofgood character in Uzbek,but accepted as optimism in English. Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that reflect thetendency to respond in certain ways undercertain circumstances. Karimov's research has explored how personality traits are communicated through language in different cultural settings. Their findings indicate that while certain character assessments appear to be universal, there are significant differences in how these traits are articulated across various languages. English shows a person as individuality, personality, accentuating the positive qualities such as competitiveness, independence, conviction of fraud and bad faith, for example, a tiger - dangerous opponent, a strong player; a lone wolf - person, who acts alone; barracuda - selfish, dishonest predator; shark - sharpie, cheater, extortionist; custom official; pickpocket; weasel - wriggler, slick opportunist; stalking horse – dummy, screen. The particular view of the world is manifested in the English language in the form of marking historical figures by using the zoomorphism: the Hog – Richard III, the Lion Heart – Richard the Lionheart, the Swan of Avon –Shakespeare. In Uzbek, the same words as arslon, sheryurak point to the people, who has a courageous character, yolg’iz bo’ri represents people, who like acting alone, ilon describes people with bad, toxic character, eshak is used for a stubborn charactere