TECHNOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS USED IN DETERMINING QUALITY INDICATORS

Аннотация

The scientific concept of the quality of knitted products. The essence of the quality of knitted products is determined by their aesthetic, functional and technological properties. The quality category here means not only appearance or durability, but also includes the service life of the product, its suitability for the human body, hygienic safety and compliance with production technologies. The concept of quality requires a complex, i.e. multi-criteria approach toknitted fabrics. Keywords:Knitting, quality, Fabric, indicator, technical, aesthetic, excision,evaluation, texture. Determining the quality indicators of knitted fabrics is an important stage in controlling the technical, aesthetic and operational compliance of the product. Quality assessment is not limited to visual inspection, but is carried out comprehensively through precise measurements, laboratory analysis and technical tests. These assessments are carried out both during the production process and at thestage ofcertification ofthe finished product. The main quality indicators of knitted fabrics are elasticity, shape recovery, density, smoothness, color fastness, washing resistance, pilling resistance, air permeability, etc. Each of them has its own technical conditions andmeasurement methods.Determining thequality of knitted fabrics is based on many criteria, and this process is carried out using various assessment methods. The tablesummarizesthese methods infour main areas: Table1 Themain methods usedto assess thequality ofknitted fabrics. Evaluation method Description Indicators to beevaluated Physical-mechanical methods Determining the technical Stretchability, shape recovery, properties of fabric through strength stretching, breaking, compression and bending Hygienicmethods Tests how the fabric transmits Air permeability, airand moisture breathability, moisture absorption Aestheticevaluation methods Visual inspection, evaluation Smoothness, pilling, color of surface smoothness, fastness hairiness and color changes http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 8 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Operationaltests Examines how fabric changes Washing resistance, when washed, worn, orused deformationresistance Physical-mechanical methods - aimed at assessing the technical stability of the fabric, that is, the ability to stretch, tear, and restore shape. These assessments are performed on special testing machines and are the main criteria for determining the strength of the fabric. Hygienic methods - determine the level of comfort for human health by determining the air and moisture permeability of the knitted fabric. These methods are important for the fabric to "breathe" and maintain thermal balance. Aesthetic assessment methods - serve to determine the appearance of the fabric surface, such as pilling, color stability, and smoothness. These methods are crucial for the visual appeal of the product. Operational tests - determine how the knitted fabric changes in real-life conditions. This includes evaluating deformations as a result of washing, ironing, and wearing. Table2 Technological devices and measuring instruments used in assessing the quality of knitted fabrics. Device/Equipment Name Purposeofuse Indicator tobe evaluated Universal weighing machine Measuring tensile strength and Stretchability, strength (Instron, ZwickRoell) breaking strength Pilling apparatus (Martindale Assessment of the degree of Pilling resistance tester) surfacehairiness (pilling) Airpermeability tester Determining air permeability Airpermeability through fabric Optical profilometer / laser Measuring the smoothness of Surface smoothness scanner thefabric surface Washingtest devices Evaluation of changes after Washingresistance washing Color stability determiner Comparison of color fading Colorstability special scale devices and colorchange This table presents special technological devices and measuring instruments used to assess the main quality indicators of knittedfabrics. Each device isaimed at determining a specific physical, aestheticor operational property, providing anaccurate andreliable assessment ofquality. Table3 http://www.internationaljournal.co.in/index.php/jasass 9 Volume15 Issue 08, August 2025 Impact factor: 2019: 4.679 2020: 5.015 2021: 5.436, 2022: 5.242, 2023: 6.995, 2024 7.75 Knitting fabricquality in theevaluation normativedocuments . Regulatory document Description Applicableindicator(s) ISO 13934/UzDST2769 Determining the tensile Stretchability, strength strength offabrics ISO 12945-2 Pilling resistance assessment Pilling resistance (Martindale method) ISO 9237 Determining the air Airpermeability permeabilityoffabrics ISO 105-A02 / ISO 105-C06 Evaluation of resistance to Color fastness, wash washing and color fading resistance ISO 3071 Determination of pH balance Hygienicsafety (forhygienic assessment) ISO 3801 Method for determining fabric Densit