THE EFFECT OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS AND MINERAL FERTILIZER DOSES ON THE STEM HEIGHT OF GREEN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) PLANTS

Аннотация

This scientific article investigates the effect of microbiological preparations on the stem growth of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.). The preparations Fitovak, Teria-S, Yer Malhami, as well as their combinations, were applied against three different mineral fertilizer backgrounds: P K , N P K 90 60 30 90 60 and N P K . Plant stem height was measured at the stages of budding, 60 90 60 flowering, and pod formation. The highest results were observed in the variant where Teria-S was applied on the P K background. Specifically, the stem 90 60 height reached 54.9 cm at the budding stage, 70.7 cm during flowering, and 76.2 cm at the pod formation stage. Furthermore, high effectiveness was also recorded with the N P K background when Teria-S was applied, with stem 30 90 60 height reaching 72.8 cm during the pod formation stage. On the N P K 60 90 60 background, the application of Teria-S led to an increase in stem height up to 73.8 cm. In some cases, the combined use of the biostimulant Fitovak and the biological preparation Yer Malhami resulted in comparatively lower values. Keywords. Pea (Pisum sativum L.), stem height, Microbiological preparations, Fitovak, Teria-S, Yer Malhami, Mineral fertilizers. Иминов Абдували Абдуманнабович - доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, Ташкентский государственный аграрный университет, Республика Узбекистан. Туйчиев Рафиддин Рузмат угли - аспирант (PhD), Ташкентский государственный аграрный университет, Республика Узбекистан Джуманиязова Гулнара Исмаиловна - доктор биологических наук, профессор, ООО «INNOVATION-IDEAS». Аннотация. В данной научной статье изучено влияние микробиологических препаратов на рост стебля растения гороха (Pisum sativum L.). Препараты Фитовак, Терия-S, Ер малхами, а также их комбинации применялись на фоне трёх норм минеральных удобрений: P K , N P K va N P K . Высота стебля растений измерялась в фазах 90 60 30 90 60 60 90 60 137 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference бутонизации, цветения и образования бобов. На фоне P K наивысшие 90 60 результаты были получены при применении препарата Терия-S. В частности, высота стебля в фазу бутонизации составила 54,9 см, в фазу цветения 70,7 см, а в фазу образования бобов 76,2 см. Кроме того, высокая эффективность наблюдалась и при норме N P K с использованием 30 90 60 препарата Терия-S, где в фазе образования бобов высота стебля достигала 72,8 см. На фоне N P K при применении Терия-S высота стебля 60 90 60 увеличивалась до 73,8 см. Варианты, в которых биостимулятор Фитовак и биопрепарат Ер малхами применялись совместно, в некоторых случаях демонстрировали более низкие результаты. Ключевые слова. Горох, высота стебля, микробиологические препараты, Фитовак, Терия-S, Ер малхами, минеральные удобрения. Introduction. Currently, pea (Pisum sativum L.) is cultivated on approximately 30.0 million hectares worldwide, with an average grain yield of 2.52 tons per hectare. The leading pea-producing countries include China, with 12.96 million tons; India, 5.43 million tons; France, 0.25 million tons; the United States, 0.23 million tons; and Egypt, 0.20 million tons. In these countries, high and high-quality yields are achieved by sowing peas within optimal timeframes and at appropriate seeding rates, determining fertilization norms based on the soil and climatic conditions of each region, and applying recommended agronomic practices. These measures have a positive effect on the growth, development, and productivity of pea plants, while also improving the quality indicators of the harvested crop. Literature Review. According to X. Atabaeva, O. Qodirkhojaev, X. Atabaeva, Umarov, and X. Bo‘riev, peas are mainly grown for food purposes. The seeds are used in the preparation of various culinary dishes, including the flour and groats of peas, which are also used in food production. Pea flour is added to pasta, bread, pies, and baked flatbreads, as well as to the flour of cereal crops to increase their protein content. In addition, it is used in the production of certain types of sausages, coffee, cocoa, and confectionery products [2]. According to the data of Z. Islamova, the combined application of nitragin with mineral fertilizers, namely in the variants P K + nitragin and N P K + 90 60 30 90 60 nitragin, ensured the highest formation of nodule bacteria and an increase in yield by 3.3-5.4 t/ha. Increasing the amount of nitrogen led to a decrease in nodule formation or even a complete absence of nodules. In this case, the yield increase was observed to be due solely to the nitrogen fertilizer [1]. According to V.G. Vasin and A.V. Vasin, peas are also used as a forage crop. The grain, straw, by-products, chaff, or haulm are utilized as feed. The grain serves as an excellent feed for various animals, especially pigs. Darker-colored pea seeds are typically used for fodder purposes [7]. 138 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference According to V.I. Zotik