THE SHARE AND NATURE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN TRANSNATIONAL CRIME

Аннотация

Human trafficking is a recognized human rights violation and a public health and global development problem. Violence is often a hallmark of human trafficking. This study aims to describe documented cases of violence among persons identified as victims of human trafficking, examine associated factors throughout the trafficking cycle, and examine the prevalence of violence in different labor sectors. Keywords: combating human trafficking, human trafficking, interpersonal violence, sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, international migration. Human trafficking is one of the most widespread and painful crimes in the world today. Human trafficking is defined by the United Nations' Palermo Protocol as a process involving the recruitment and transfer of persons for the purpose of exploitation by force, coercion or deception. Available data confirm that the prevalence of violence is high among survivors, but few studies have examined the causal mechanisms associated with labor and sexual exploitation. Victims often report experiencing emotional, physical, and sexual abuse at various stages of the trafficking cycle, from recruitment through travel and destination to release and reintegration. Currently, there is little evidence on the patterns of violence across different types of trafficking, despite the importance of providing more tailored support to survivors of trafficking. In the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on August 17, 2020 "On Combating Human Trafficking" Human trafficking - the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, kidnapping, fraud, deception, recruiting, transporting, transferring, harboring or receiving persons for the purpose of exploiting them by abuse of power or by taking advantage of the 'vulnerability of the situation' or by extorting payments or favors to obtain the approval of a person controlling another person. Exploitation of persons is defined as the exploitation of the prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation of other persons, forced labor or services, slavery or slavery-like practices, involuntary servitude, or the harvesting of human organs and/or tissues. In addition, this law includes the fight against human trafficking — defined as activities aimed at preventing 12 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК human trafficking, identifying it, putting an end to it, reducing its consequences, and providing assistance to victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a criminal offense and a form of slavery. Traffickers exploit and profit from adults or children as property. Victims of trafficking are forced into forced labor or sex work. According to the UN in 2016, more than 70% of victims of human trafficking worldwide are girls and women, and one-third of the victims are children. According to the International Organization for Migration in 2007, 700,000 women, girls, men and boys worldwide are victims of cross-border human trafficking each year. Each year, an estimated 1 million children, mostly girls, are used as sex slaves or in child pornography. "Human trafficking," which is classified as the forced detention and forced labor of women, children, and men for the exploitation of others, can be understood as a widespread phenomenon today worldwide due to factors such as poverty, the desire for a better life, the erosion of social values in countries with concentrated problems in the political and economic spheres, and the demand for cheap labor, which has been fueled by the interests of the criminal sector. Fully agreeing with the views of scientists, we believe that the primary task of combating transborder crime is not only to strengthen international cooperation, but also to restore order in the interaction of law enforcement agencies and intelligence services within the state. The fight against international crime must be carried out systematically, with the aim of limiting its prevention. Force alone cannot solve this problem. World authorities must fight crime uncompromisingly, consistently and ruthlessly. Such forms of human exploitation as human trafficking, slave labor, and sexual exploitation of women and children are now on a par with drug trafficking and terrorism in their nature and scope. Against the backdrop of increasing social tensions and the vulnerability of the population to criminal threats, the absence of an appropriate and effective control system and programs aimed at identifying the facts of criminal exploitation of a person, it is possible to expect an increase in various attacks on personal freedom. The modern problem of human trafficking has been exacerbated by the growing number of transnational organized criminal groups, whose specialization is, among other things, trafficking in human beings (illegal trafficking in weapons, drugs, etc.). Victims are usually subjected to various forms of exploitation, primarily sexual exploitation, as well as slavery and forced 13 МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ НАУК labor.