SINGAPORE'S ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY TO STRENGTHEN THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE

Аннотация

Мақолада Сингапурнинг давлатнинг иқтисодий хавфсизлигини мустаҳкамлашга хизмат қилган замонавий коррупцияга қарши сиёсатининг тажрибаси, хусусиятлари муҳокама қилинади. Сингапур иқтисодий сиёсатининг халқаро майдонда юксак натижаларга эришишни таъминлаган устувор йўналишлари ҳам қайд этилган. Калит сўзлар: коррупция, коррупцияга қарши сиёсат, экспорт, сармоя, таълим, иқтисодий хавфсизлик. Аннотация. В статье рассматривается опыт, особенности и характерные черты современной антикоррупционной политики Сингапура, что послужило укреплению экономической безопасности государства. Также исследованы приоритетные направления экономической политики Сингапура, которые обеспечили достижение высоких результатов на международной арене. Ключевые слова: коррупция, антикоррупционная политика, экспорт, инвестиции, образования, экономическая безопасность. At the present stage of improving public administration, the governments of many countries are paying more and more attention to the introduction of practical measures of anti-corruption policy in order to fully increase the economic potential of the state. It is well known that the harmful consequences of corruption completely impede the development of the state and society. Since corruption "is an extremely negative phenomenon that distorts the development of business, reduces the effectiveness of public administration, incentives for investment, hinders the economic and political development of the country, and creates social inequality" [1]. 140 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference This, as a systemic phenomenon, is the source of the main dangers and threats to the economic security of the state. It is worth noting the desire of many states to form an effective legislative anti-corruption framework, which really constructively contributed to ensuring the economic security of the state. One of these states is Singapore, as an industrial country began a comprehensive fight against corruption by raising the level of moral values of the population and improving the professionalism of civil servants. In order to strengthen the economic security of the state, Singapore's anti- corruption policy provides for the implementation of three priority tasks: the elimination of bribe takers and various elements of bribery at all levels of government; elimination of bureaucratic procedures and the introduction of strict legal regulation of the rights and obligations of state officials, monitoring the observance of ethical norms of official behavior by civil servants. In this context, it should be emphasized that the determining factor in the country's anti-corruption policy is the salary of an official. After all, a decent salary for an official instills decency and conscientiousness in interpersonal relationships. According to Lee Kuan Yew, political leaders should be paid the highest salaries because they deserve it by being a decent and honest government. If they are underpaid, they may be tempted to engage in corrupt activities [2]. This, in turn, served as the basis for the development and practical implementation of a comprehensive system of anti-corruption measures. In addition, Singapore has a socially oriented anti-corruption law (1937) "On Combating Corruption". And in 1960, the "Corruption Prevention Act" was adopted, pursuing two goals: to neutralize the corruption articles of national legislation and to toughen the punishment for bribery. Also, this Act provides for the indexation and constant increase in the wages of civil servants; improvement of procedures for interaction with citizens, enterprises and organizations in order to eliminate bureaucratic delays; ensuring proper transparency of control and supervision; rotation of personnel to avoid the formation of stable corruption ties; ensuring a confidentiality regime to prevent leakage of insider information. According to scientific sources, as a priority measure in the fight against corruption, the leadership of Singapore has identified the following: - Creation of more modern anti-corruption legislation; - Establishment of a special maximum independent state body to combat corruption; 141 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference - tougher criminal liability for corruption; - establishment of high social guarantees for state and municipal employees; - the practice of constant and systematic rotation of managerial personnel; - legislative guarantees for the safety of a person and his family members who testified on the fact of corruption; - wide coverage of anti-corruption activities in the media; - conducting an independent examination of laws and regulations for corruption consequences [3]. The foundation for the above measures was the established principles of anti-corruption policy: the responsibility of both parties to corruption relations; delimitation of public and private interests; equality of all before the law and court; de-bureau