JIGARNING SURUNKALI RIVOJLANIB BORUVCHI JIGAR SERROZI KASALLIGINING: ETIOLOGIYASI, PATOGENEZI VA KLINIK KECHISHINING TAHLILI

Аннотация

This article provides a detailed overview of liver cirrhosis, a pathology affecting the liver—an organ vital to the human body. The liver modifies biological fluids, participates in the formation of blood cells (including acting as a center of erythropoiesis before birth), synthesizes substances responsible for blood clotting, and serves as a blood reservoir. The term 'cirrhosis' was first introduced into science by the French scientist René Laennec, derived from the Greek word 'kirrhos,' meaning 'yellowish.' Liver cirrhosis is a disease that occurs as a result of the destruction of hepatocytes (liver cells) or disruption of the normal function of hepatic histological structures. This condition leads to pathological changes in liver histology, replacement of hepatic tissue with connective tissue (Glisson’s capsule), inflammation, drying, and hardening of the organ. The disease is classified into several types: portal hypertension, post-necrotic cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, and others. The initial mechanisms of cirrhosis, its clinical signs, and histological changes differ from other diseases in that there may be no noticeable manifestations in the early stages. Therefore, in many cases, it is detected in advanced stages. At later stages, symptoms such as hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity), unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, belching, nausea or vomiting, intermittent abdominal bloating, prolonged elevated temperature, nosebleeds, signs of anemia, swelling of the legs, skin itching, shortness of breath, discoloration of the skin and eyes (jaundice), spleen enlargement, gastrointestinal dysfunction, diarrhea or constipation, changes in stool color, dark urine, persistent fatigue, increased blood pressure, pain in the right periumbilical region, increased susceptibility to other diseases, and other symptoms may occur. This article serves as a scientific basis for the early diagnosis and understanding of liver cirrhosis. Keywords: liver cirrhosis, hepatocytes, portal hypertension, erythropoiesis, Glisson’s capsule, liver fibrosis, hepatomegaly, jaundice, gastrointestinal dysfunction, ascites Ushbu maqolada jigar serroziga oid dolzarb ma’lumotlar, uning sabablari, tarqalish holatlari va profilaktik choralar haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan.Shu bois maqola hozirgi davrga kelib jigar serrozi kasalligi aholining sog’ligiga jiddiy xavf tug’dirayotgan muhim kasaliklardan biri hisoblanadi.Aholi o’rtasida tarqalishlar soni Jahon Sog’liqni saqlash tashkiloti tomonidan aniqlangan 7 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference natijalar ko’ra har yili millionlab insonlar ushbu kasallik orqali sog’liqlarini yo’qotishadi va ko’z yumishadi. Yildan-yilga sezilarli darajada oshib boralayotgan natijalar orqali yuqoridagi fikrlar isbot bo’lib xizmat qiladi,ushbu kasallikni muddatdan erta aniqlash va to’g’ri davolash muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.Kasallikga jiddiy nazar bilan qarash kerakligini aholi psixologiya tushuntirish va ular o’rtasida sog’lom turmush tarzini targ’ib qilish ushbu kasallikga chalinishni bir necha foizga pasaytirgan bo’lardik.Shu bois JSST bergan natijalar ko’ra hozirgi talqinga kasallikni bizning mintaqamiz(Markaziy Osiyo)da judayam ko’p ushbu holat kuzatilayapti.Keng tarqaluvchi hududlar va kelib chiqish sababini ko’rib chiqadigan bo’lsak: Osiyo hududlarida: Xitoy va Hindiston- ushbu hududlarda gepatitning A va B formalari yuqori darajada tarqalganligi sabab bo’lib xizmat qiladi O’zbekiston,Qozog’iston,Qirg’iston kabi mamlakatlarda gepatitning B va C formasi orqali serroz kasalligi kelib chiqmoqda Afrikada hududlarida : G’arbiy va Markaziy Afrika mamlakatlarida gepatitning B turi ko’p tarqalganligi va tibbiy xizmat sust rivojlangani sabab ushbu kasallikka chalinish va uning o’tish fazalari bemor hayotida qiyin o’tmoqda Lotin Amerikasi hududlarida: Meksika, Braziliya, Argentina-alkogolizm va noto’g’ri ovqatlanish ratsioni davomida ushbu kasallik uchrash ehtimoligi yuqori qiymatlarda G’arbiy yevropa va AQSh hududlarida: AQSh,Germaniya,Buyuk Britaniya-alkogolizm, semizlik va qandli diabet bilan bog’liq bo’lgan kasallik jigarni yog’ qoplab olinishi (NAFLD), gepatit C ning dolzarbligi bo’lib qolmoqda ya’ni aholining noto’g’ri turmush tarzi, ovqatlanish ratsioni, ayrim kasalliklar oqibatida va ko’pgina sabablar orqali ushbu kasallik aholi orasida kuzatilayapti.Ushbu kasallik o’z navbatida hozirgi kunga kelib, judayam ko’p turlari mavjud ulardan misol qilib oladigan bo’lsak:portal gipertenziya, postnekrotik serrozi, billiar serroz va boshqa turlarini hozirgi kunga kelib judayam ko’p holatlar aholida kuzatilmoqda. Jigar serrozi ko’pgina holatlarda jigar hastaligi bo’lgan kishilarda uchrash ehtimoligi yuqori, masalan: o’tkir jigar virusi ya’ni fan tilida gepatitning A,B, C turlari orqali kuzatiluvchi kasallikning surunkali gepatit fazasiga o’tish davomida jigar serrozi ko’p holatlarda kuzatiladi. Ushbu jarayon ko’pincha kasall