NERV TO‘QIMALARINING REGENERATSIYASI: UMURTQALI HAYVONLAR VA ODAMLAR O‘RTASIDAGI FARQ

Аннотация

Nerv to‘qimalarining regeneratsiyasi tirik organizmlarda sog‘likni saqlash va jarohatlardan keyingi funksiyalarni tiklashda muhim ahamiyatga ega jarayon hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada umurtqalilar va odamlar o‘rtasida nerv to‘qimalarining regeneratsiyasi qobiliyatidagi sezilarli farqlar batafsil tahlil qilinadi. Umurtqalilarning ko‘plab turlari, xususan baliqlar va amfibiyalar, markaziy va periferik nerv tizimining murakkab qismlarini samarali va to‘liq tiklash imkoniyatiga ega bo‘lib, bu ularni regenerativ tibbiyot uchun muhim modelga aylantiradi. Boshqa tomondan, insonlarda ayniqsa markaziy nerv tizimida regeneratsiya qobiliyati cheklangan bo‘lib, bu jarayonni asosan glial chandiqlar hosil bo‘lishi, yallig‘lanish reaktsiyalari va inhibitor molekulalarning mavjudligi to‘sadi.Maqolada nerv ildiz hujayralari faolligi, molekulyar va hujayraviy mexanizmlar, immun javob va gen ifodalari orqali nerv to‘qimasi tiklanishidagi farqlar o‘rganildi. Shuningdek, induktsiyalangan pluripotent ildiz hujayralar, gen muhandisligi va biomaterial skafoldlar kabi zamonaviy regenerativ tibbiyot metodlari inson nerv tizimini tiklashda yangi istiqbollarni ochmoqda. Tadqiqot natijalari biologik jarayonlarni chuqurroq tushunishga yordam berib, kelajakda insonlarda nerv to‘qimasi regeneratsiyasini yaxshilash uchun samarali terapiyalarni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qilishi kutilmoqda.Ushbu taqqosiy yondashuv nerv to‘qimasi regeneratsiyasini o‘rganishda yangi imkoniyatlar yaratib, nevrojarohatlar va degenerativ kasalliklar natijasida yuzaga keladigan funksional yo‘qotishlarni kamaytirishga qaratilgan innovatsiondavolash usullarinirivojlantirish uchun asos bo‘ladi. Kalit sozlar: Nerv to‘qimalarining regeneratsiyasi, umurtqalilar, insonlar, markaziy nerv tizimi (MNT), periferik nerv tizimi (PNT), nerv ildiz hujayralari, glial chandiqlanish, yallig‘lanish reaktsiyasi, molekulyar mexanizmlar, immun javob, gen ifodalari, induktsiyalangan pluripotent ildiz hujayralar (iPSC), gen muhandisligi, biomaterial skafoldlar, regenerativ tibbiyot, neyrojarohatlar, degenerativ kasalliklar, nevrologik tiklanish, qiyosiy tahlil. Annotation: Regeneration of nervous tissue is a crucial process in living organisms for maintaining health and restoring functions after injuries. This article provides a detailed analysis of the significant differences in the regenerative capacity of nervous tissue between vertebrates and humans. Many vertebrate species, particularly fish and amphibians, have the ability to effectively and completely regenerate complex parts of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, making them important models for regenerative medicine. On the other hand, humans exhibit limited regenerative ability, especially in the central nervous system, where this process is primarily inhibited by glial scar formation, inflammatory responses, and the presence of inhibitory molecules.The article examines differences in neural stem cell activity, molecular and cellular mechanisms, immune responses, and gene expression involved in nervous tissue regeneration. Furthermore, modern regenerative medicine approaches such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), genetic engineering, and biomaterial scaffolds are opening new prospects for restoring the human nervous system. The research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of biological processes and are expected to aid the development of effective therapies to enhance nervous tissue regeneration in humans in the future.This comparative approach creates new opportunities for studying nervous tissue regeneration and serves as a www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 16,issue02,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 foundation for developing innovative treatments aimed at reducing functional losses caused by neurotraumaand degenerative diseases. Keywords:: Nervous tissue regeneration, vertebrates, humans, central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), neural stem cells, glial scarring, inflammatory response, molecular mechanisms, immune response, gene expression, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), genetic engineering, biomaterial scaffolds, regenerative medicine, neurotrauma, degenerative diseases, neurological recovery, comparativeanalysis.