DEVELOPMENT OF A DEFOLIANT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON CARBONATE RESIDUES UNDER SEMI-INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS

Аннотация

This article presents the development of a defoliant production technology based oncarbonate residues derived from the sodaindustry undersemi-industrial conditions. The study focuses on utilizing environmentally problematic by-products as a valuable raw material for the synthesis of agrochemically effective defoliants. A process flow was designed and optimized to ensure technological feasibility, chemical efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. The semi-industrial synthesis was carried out under controlled conditions, and the resulting products were subjected to detailed compositional analysis using instrumental methods such as FTIR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the formation of active components with defoliating properties, meeting the agrochemical standards for use in cotton cultivation. The proposed approach contributes to the circular economy by converting industrial waste into high-value agricultural inputs while reducing the environmental burden. The research findings demonstrate thepotential for scaling upthetechnology forindustrial applications. KEY WORDS: Defoliant synthesis, carbonate residues, soda industry by-products, semi- industrial process, compositional analysis, circular economy, FTIR, agrochemical application. INTRODUCTION: Defoliants are chemical agents used to accelerate the natural abscission of leaves, primarily in the cultivation of cotton, to facilitate mechanical harvesting and improve fiber quality. The widespread use of defoliants in agriculture necessitates the development of efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable production technologies. Traditional defoliant formulations are often based on imported or chemically intensive components, which increase production costs and pose environmental concerns due to their persistence in soil and water systems. In recent years, the concept of industrial symbiosis has gained prominence, particularly in chemical technology, where secondary raw materials and industrial by-products are repurposed for value-added applications. The soda industry, which plays a significant role in the production of sodium carbonate through the Solvay process, generates large volumes of carbonate-rich residues. These residues, mainly composed of calcium carbonate and other inorganic salts, present both an environmental challenge and a technological opportunity. This research aims to www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 16,issue02,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 develop a defoliant production technology that utilizes carbonate residues as the primary raw material under semi-industrial conditions. By converting these by-products into agriculturally beneficial formulations, the study aligns with the principles of green chemistry and the circular economy. Additionally, comprehensive compositional analysis of the synthesized defoliants is conducted to ensure theireffectiveness and compliancewith agrochemical standards. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of waste valorization with agrochemical production, offering a dual benefit of environmental management and economic efficiency. The developed technology has the potential to reduce production costs, lower environmental impact, and contributetosustainableagricultural practices. LITERATURE REVIEW: The growing demand for efficient defoliants in cotton production has spurred significant research into the synthesis of novel compounds and the improvement of existing technologies. Defoliants play a crucial role in improving harvesting efficiency and fiber purity by promoting leaf abscission prior to mechanical picking. However, the chemical composition of conventional defoliants often includes compounds with limited biodegradability and potential environmental toxicity. The integration of industrial by-products, particularly carbonate residues from the soda industry, into defoliant synthesis is a promising direction in sustainable agrochemical development. Soda ash production viathe Solvay process generates large amounts of calcium carbonate-based waste, which often remains underutilized or discarded. Several studies have emphasized the potential of using such waste materials in the formulation of fertilizers and plant growth regulators. Previous research has demonstrated that carbonate-rich residues possess physical and chemical properties suitable for modification and incorporation into agrochemical formulations. Their compatibility with other reactive agents in defoliant mixtures has also been experimentally verified in controlled settings. Moreover, the application of green chemistry principles in the reuse of industrial waste aligns with the broader goals of circular economy and zero-waste production models. In particular, calcium and magnesium carbonates have shown promise as carriers or base materials in slow- release formulations for agricultural purposes. Recent advancements in semi-industria