YIELD AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT OF DIFFERENT PEACH CULTIVARS BELONGING TO NECTARINE GROUP

Аннотация

This article presents the results of research conducted under the agroecological conditions of the Altyaryk district of the Fergana region, aimed at determining the biochemical composition of the fruits of peach cultivars belonging to the nectarine group. As the object of the study, peach cultivars belonging to the nectarine group — Ifora, Muyassar, Khosiyat, Luchak Ranniy, Tashkent Nectarine, Zargaldoq, Superlola, and Lola (as the control) — were used. In this study, the chemical composition of the peach fruits was analyzed, including dry matter content, total sugars, total acidity, ascorbic acid, nitrate content, and the sugar-to-acid ratio, Based on the results of biochemical analysis, the cultivars Tashkent Nectarine and Ifora were identified as superior among the studied nectarine-type peach varieties in terms of fruit quality indicators and organoleptic (taste) characteristics. 5 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 7 Keywords: peach, cultivar, biochemical composition, dry matter, C vitamin, sugar content, acid content Introduction. Today, special attention is being paid to the further development of export- oriented fruit growing in our country. In particular, the Strategy for the Development of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030 calls for "...wide introduction of market principles in the purchase and sale of agricultural products, development of quality control infrastructure, promotion of exports, creation of a favorable agribusiness environment and value chain for the production of competitive, high-value-added agricultural and food products in the target international markets..." is highlighted as one of the important tasks1. In this regard, the Fergana Valley has broad potential for growing export fruits, particularly peaches, and in-depth scientific research is required to select export varieties suitable for establishing intensive peach and nectarine orchards and develop effective elements of tree shaping technology in intensive peach orchards. Research subject and method. Ifora, Muyassar, Khosiyat, Lyuchak ranniy, Nectarin Tashkentsky, Zargaldoq, Superlola, Lola (control) varieties of common peaches belonging to the nectarine group served as the object of research. The dry matter, sugar, total acid, ascorbic acid, nitrate content and ratio of sugar content to acid content of peach varieties were studied. The study was conducted in a fully-grown orchard measuring 4 x 5 m (the orchard was established in 2019). In this study, the comparative assessment of biometric indicators of peach Kh. Ch. Buriev and others [2; 64 p.], E.N. Sedov, T.P. Ogoltsova [4; pp. 378-399] and Yu.B. Ryabushkin [3; 44 b.] was performed according to the methods recommended by scientists. Research results and their discussion. The success of horticulture is directly determined by the yield and marketability (quality indicators) of the fruit plant species being grown. Yield is considered the most important economic value of each variety, and research has shown that peach varieties belonging to different groups under study have different potential for yield. Foreign scientists have also conducted a lot of research on peaches. According to the studies, the productivity elements of selected (18 indicators) and introduced (11 indicators) peach varieties were evaluated. Different varieties with productivity indicators at the level of control varieties were separated [7; 243-250 p.]. Our experiment was conducted at the Fergana Scientific and Experimental Station of the Academician M. Mirzaev Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking from 2022 to 2024. The scientific-experimental station is located in the "Fayziabad" area of Altiariq district of Fergana region, 600 m above sea level. Peach varieties belonging to different groups were studied, and phenological, bimetric, and biochemical observations were conducted on them. According to the results of the analysis, the amount of dry matter in the peach fruit was recorded at the level of 16.69 percent in the Lola variety, which was taken as a control for hairless varieties. The highest amount of dry shoots compared to the control was recorded in all studied varieties and was around 16.73-17.79%. Only in the Khasiyat variety was this indicator lower than the control and was around 17.70%. 1Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2019 йил 23 октябрдаги ПФ-5853-сон «Ўзбекистон Республикаси қишлоқ хўжалигини ривожлантиришнинг 2020 – 2030 йилларга мўлжалланган стратегиясини тасдиқлаш тўғрисида»ги Фармони. 6 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 7 One of the most important indicators of peach quality is the total sugar content of the fruit. Our studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between the sugar content of peaches and the dry matter content. High total sugar content was recorded in all varieties with high dry matter. In particular, Lola, which was taken as a control for varieties b