MUSICAL EDUCATION IN THE AVESTA PERIOD, THE PERIOD OF FORMATION OF THE VOCAL-CHORAL SYSTEM

Аннотация

This article covers historical and scientific views on the formation and development of Uzbek folk music. The origin of folk music, musical instruments and ceremonial traditions from the most ancient times, their aspects related to court, military, religious and folk oral creativity are analyzed on the basis of scientific sources. The article reflects on the ancient musical heritage, the formation and development of folklore samples, the tradition of epic poetry, as well as the wedding and ceremonial culture of the Uzbek people, its ethnic, social and spiritual foundations and modern forms. The study reveals the specific features of musical art against the background of historical processes, its harmony with the ethnic and cultural heritage of the people. Keywords: Uzbek folk music, folklore, shashmakom, court music, ceremonial music, ancient musical instruments, khatna wedding, Avesta period. Introduction. The sacred book "Avesta", created in the ancient land of Khorezm, especially in its "Letters" [Gatho] section, contains a lot of information about musical performance and its styles. Zoroastrianism also played an important role in restoring and developing ancient traditions in its time, so the emergence of the Darbori and Dabiristan schools belonging to this cultural layer is considered a period of serious changes. Many of the hymns of the "Avesta" that have come down to us are created in the form of a surud [i.e., a song]. Surud [songs] in the "Avesta" style are sometimes performed in the musical folklore of Iran and Tajikistan in the current Persian-Tajik languages. According to N. Khakimov's research, 17 hymns of the Zoroastrian era have reached our time through yashts. The main sources of this ancient song tradition go back to the "Avesta". In the 7th-9th centuries BC, the culture and musical art of the peoples of Central Asia developed significantly in other countries, in particular in Bactria, and later the Medes and Achaemenids6 [Xhoxhamanish] empires spread to the territory of Iran. During this period, the art of music rose to the level of professional schools. The main schools were formed in the Darbori and Dabiristan traditions, and religious music was mainly in the Harbadistan style7.[2.26.17-24] The sacred book "Avesta", created in the land of ancient Khorezm, especially in its "Letters" [Gatho] section, contains a lot of information about musical performance and its styles. Zoroastrianism also played an important role in restoring and developing ancient traditions in its time, so the emergence of the Darbori and Dabiristan schools belonging to this cultural layer is considered a period of serious changes. Many of the hymns of the Avesta that have survived to us are composed in the form of a surud [i.e., a song]. Suruds [songs] in the Avesta style are sometimes performed in the musical folklore of Iran and Tajikistan in the current Persian-Tajik languages. According to N. Khakimov's research, 17 hymns of the Zoroastrian era have reached our time through the Yasht Choir. The main sources of this ancient song tradition go back to the Avesta. In the 7th- 9th centuries BC, the culture and musical art of the peoples of Central Asia also developed significantly in other states, in particular in Bactria, and later the Medes and Achaemenid 108 ILM-FAN VA INNOVATSIYA ILMIY-AMALIY KONFERENSIYASI in-academy.uz/index.php/si empires spread to the territory of Iran. During this period, musical art rose to the level of a professional school. The main schools were formed in the traditions of Darbori and Dabiristan, and religious music was mainly in the Harbadistan style. Musical education; The art of music has been an integral part of the culture of the peoples living in the territories of Central Asia since ancient times. Its directions, genres, and forms have been formed and developed over the centuries as a product of the creative activity and thinking of the ancient Sogdians, Khorezmians, Parthians, and Bactrians, who lived in the territory of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and East Turkestan, the ancestors of the Uzbek people. There is also sufficient evidence to prove that the development of this art form was greatly influenced by the peoples (Scythians, Savromats-Sarmatians, Sakas-Massagets) who lived in the steppe, forest-steppe, and mountainous regions of the vast region stretching from the northern borders of China to Eastern Europe. [2.9.21-27] The historical formation of the art of music initially took place under the influence of early mythological representations as a need to try to understand nature and the events taking place around us, and later became the spiritual and moral content of various rituals conducted under the leadership of priests. Musicians, instrumentalists, dancers, and all artists, united by a common goal, studied and enriched the musical and spiritual heritage left by their ancestors, continuing the traditions of teacher and disciple, and passing it