VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF PERMANENT TEETH SPLINTING IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND OCCLUSAL DISORDERS

Аннотация

The article analyzes the use of splinting devices and devices that stabilize occlusion. Permanent splinting of teeth in occlusal disorders and periodontal tissue diseases and the elimination of the inflammatory component in periodontal tissues leads to a decrease in tooth mobility. Progressive inflammation and increased tooth mobility or their absence require the use of orthopedic temporary or permanent splinting structures that stabilize occlusion with subsequent prosthetics and splintingof teeth. Keywords:orthopedic dentistry, tooth splinting, tooth mobility, periodontal tissue diseases, occlusal disorders, permanent splinting The indications for splinting teeth are based on the assessment of their mobility, which characterizes the functional state of the periodontal tissues. If the bone tissue loss is half the length of the root, the methods of splinting teeth in the sagittal and transverse directions should be used. If the bone tissue loss is up to three quarters of the root length, it is additionally necessary to use vertical splinting. In all cases of splinting loose teeth, it is necessary to eliminate the problem or minimize the occlusal trauma of the periodontal tissues by choosing theoptimalocclusal scheme anddesign ofthe splinting apparatus. Permanent splints are used to: 1.limittooth mobility in three directions -vertical, sagittal and transverse; 2.createcomplete orsignificantly reduced tooth mobility; 3. immobilize teeth for a long period of time. Splinting of mobile teeth is largely determined by the clinical picture, namely, localized or generalized clinical picture of periodontitis, the form of which dictates the type of stabilization: frontal for anterior teeth, sagittal for lateral teeth, frontosagittal and parasagittal oralong the arc. Orthopedicindications forthetreatmentofperiodontal diseases are: 1.Activesigns ofinflammation inthe form offocal or generalizedperiodontitis; 2.Thepatient notes tooth migration; 3.Themobility ofindividual teeth or allwithin thedental arch is determined; 26 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS ISSN:3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293 Volume 12,issue1,June2025 https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR worldly knowledge Index: googlescholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo,open aire. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X 4.Food debris remains intheinterdental spaces. Whendetermining inflammation in the periodontium, occlusion correction should be used since there is a fairly high possibility of tooth displacement after their splinting. Before therapeutic treatment, it is only necessary to minimize premature contacts on individual teeth or eliminate occlusal obstacles. Progressive inflammation and increased tooth mobility or their absence require the use of temporary or permanent orthopedic splinting structures that stabilize occlusion with subsequent prosthetics and splinting ofteeth [15]. When determining persistent tooth mobility and relapses of conservative treatment, permanent splinting withsubsequent dispensary observation is required. Thesplintingstructure mustmeet certain requirements: 1. Create a sufficiently strong block of splinted teeth, limiting their movements in three directions (sagittal, vertical and transverse) withintheocclusion field; 2.Be firmly and rigidlyfixed onmobileteeth; 3.There shouldbe nofood debris left in theinterdental spaces; 4.Do not havean irritating effect onthesurrounding periodontal tissues; 5.Do not interfere with conservativetherapy ofperiodontal tissues; 6. After grinding the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, do not create blocking moments during movements ofthelower jaw; 7.Optimizethetransfer of mechanical chewing load along thevertical axis ofthetooth; 8.Do not interfere with thepatient's speechand be acceptable in cosmeticterms. A permanent splint that fixes teeth with periodontal tissue lesions can be non-removable, removable, or combined. The splinting properties of removable cast-in-place appliances are provided by the Ney type clasp system, the use of various claw-shaped processes and occlusal pads, which allow immobilization of mobile teeth in three planes. Removable splints require cleaning to a greater extent, which allows conservative periodontal therapy to beperformed in fairly good conditions. Such splint designs are less disruptive to oral hygiene. One of the advantages of using removable splintsis theability to optimizethefunctional overload ofthe affected periodontium, especially with defects in the dental arches, but without signs of their significant pathological mobility. At the clinical stage, the remaining teeth and periodontal tissues are assessed. The next stage is to obtain high-quality silicone impressions and cast models from durable plaster. In the dental laboratory, on a model installed in a parallelometer, the path of application of th