THE ROLE OF EARLY ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTICS IN PEDIATRIC ABDOMINAL PATHOLOGY

Аннотация

Background: Ultrasound diagnostics (UZI) represents a cornerstone in pediatric imaging due to its safety profile, absence of ionizing radiation, and real-time evaluation capabilities. In pediatric patients presenting with acute abdominal pain, rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely interventionand improved outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting common pediatric abdominal disorders, focusing on appendicitis, intussusception, and hepatobiliary abnormalities. Methods: A prospective observational study of 120 pediatric patients aged 1–14 years with acute abdominal pain was conducted. All underwent abdominal ultrasound using high- resolution linear and convex probes. Findings were correlated with surgical results and laboratory datato determine sensitivity and specificity. Results: Ultrasound demonstrated high diagnostic performance: sensitivity for acute appendicitis was 92%, with 89% specificity; intussusception was correctly diagnosed in 95% of cases; and hepatobiliary abnormalities showed 91% sensitivity. In 78% of patients, ultrasound findings eliminated the need forCT scans, thereby reducing radiation exposure. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an effective first-line imaging modality in pediatric abdominal pathology. Its non-invasive nature and diagnostic accuracy make it indispensable in emergency pediatric care. Keywords: pediatric ultrasound, abdominal pathology, appendicitis, intussusception, hepatobiliary imaging.