SEMICONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF QUASICRYSTALS WITH UNIQUE SYMMETRY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN PHOTONIC DEVICES

Аннотация

Quasicrystals, distinguished by their non-periodic but ordered atomic structures and unique rotational symmetries, have attracted increasing attention in the field of advanced materials. Unlike conventional crystals, quasicrystals exhibit forbidden symmetries—such as fivefold or tenfold rotation—that result in novel electronic and optical behaviors. This paper explores the semiconducting characteristics of quasicrystalline materials and evaluates their potential use in photonic devices. By investigating the electronic band structures and optical properties arising from quasiperiodicity, we demonstrate how these materials can be engineered for enhanced light-matter interactions, photon localization, and spectral filtering. The integration of quasicrystalline semiconductors into photonic circuits, sensors, and solar cells reveals promisingpathways for next-generation optoelectronic technologies. Keywords: Quasicrystals, semiconducting materials, photonic devices, aperiodic symmetry, band structure, light localization, optical filters, photon confinement, advanced materials, non- periodiclattices The discovery of quasicrystals in the early 1980s challenged the long-standing paradigm that crystals must possess periodic atomic arrangements. Characterized by their aperiodic yet highly ordered structures, quasicrystals exhibit symmetries that are forbidden in traditional crystallography, including fivefold, eightfold, and tenfold rotational axes. This unusual symmetry gives rise to novel electronic, mechanical, and optical properties that are not observed inconventional periodiclattices. In recent years, attention has shifted toward the semiconducting and optoelectronic applications of quasicrystals, particularly their ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves at the nanoscale. The quasiperiodicity in atomic arrangement leads to complex band structures, which in turn affect charge transport, energy gap behavior, and light-matter interaction. Moreover, the photonic analogs of quasicrystals—known as photonic quasicrystals—exhibit properties such as omnidirectional photonic bandgaps, enhanced light localization, and defect- tolerant waveguiding. This paper aims to explore the semiconducting behavior of quasicrystals with unique symmetries and assess their relevance in the design of innovative photonic devices. We discuss both theoretical and experimental findings regarding their electronic structure, optical conductivity, and fabrication challenges. Particular focus is placed on the role of symmetry in controlling electronic states and guiding photons through quasiperiodic lattices. Applications page759 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai including photonic filters, light-trapping layers in solar cells, and highly selective optical sensors are highlighted as areas where quasicrystals offer distinct performance advantages. This study combines theoretical modeling, materials analysis, and literature-based comparative evaluation to explore the semiconducting behavior of quasicrystals and their use in photonicapplications. 1. Theoretical Modeling We used density functional theory (DFT) and tight-binding simulations to analyze the electronic band structures of quasicrystalline approximants—structures that mimic quasicrystals with periodic boundaries. Symmetries considered included icosahedral, decagonal, anddodecagonal configurations. 2. OpticalProperty Simulation The optical response—such as dielectric functions, refractive indices, and absorption spectra—was simulated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods. These simulations focused on photonic bandgap formation, light localization, and defect mode behavior. 3. MaterialReview andFabrication Techniques A comparative analysis was conducted across experimentally studied quasicrystalline materials such as Al–Cu–Fe, Al–Pd–Mn, and Zn–Mg–Y alloys. Fabrication methods reviewed include molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), andnanoimprintinglithographyfor photonicquasicrystal arrays. 4. PhotonicDevice Prototypes Case studies from existing literature were used to evaluate photonic devices incorporating quasicrystalline lattices, such as broadband filters, LEDs, solar absorbers,and biosensors.