SURGICAL APPROACHES TO SMALL INTESTINE OPERATIONS: TECHNIQUES, OUTCOMES, AND COMPLICATIONS

Аннотация

Small intestine surgery remains a cornerstone of abdominal surgical practice, involving a range of procedures such as resection, anastomosis, bypass, and management of traumatic or pathological lesions. This study explores current operative techniques, perioperative management, and postoperative outcomes in small bowel surgery, focusing on bothelective and emergency indications. Small intestine surgery represents a critical field in abdominal surgical practice due to the organ’s vital role in digestion and nutrient absorption. This study evaluates current surgical techniques, perioperative management strategies, and postoperative outcomes in small bowel procedures, focusing on both elective and emergency interventions. A total of 250 patients undergoing small bowel resection were analyzed, comparing open and laparoscopic approaches as well as different anastomoticconfigurations. The findings demonstrate that laparoscopic resections are associated with reduced operative time, shorter hospital stay, and lower postoperative pain scores compared to open procedures. Functional end-to-end anastomosis showed the lowest rates of leakage and stricture formation, highlighting its effectiveness over traditional end-to-end methods. Implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols significantly improved early mobilization, tolerance oforal nutrition, and overall recovery outcomes. These results underscore the importance of meticulous surgical technique, appropriate anastomotic selection, and standardized perioperative protocols in optimizing patient outcomes. Future research should emphasize advanced tissue engineering and bioresorbable devices to furtherminimizecomplications and enhance functional recovery after smallintestinesurgery. Keywords: Small intestine, Bowel resection, Intestinal anastomosis, Laparoscopic surgery, Functional end-to-end anastomosis, ERAS, Short bowel syndrome, Postoperative complications, Mesenteric ischemia, Abdominal surgery.