METHODS OF TEACHING READING AND WRITING IN PRIMARY GRADES

Аннотация

The stage of Primary Education is considered one of the most important periods in the education of each child. In particular, the process of teaching reading and writing forms the basic skills that affect the entire life of students. Therefore, the methods used in this process should be aimed at facilitating the learning process of students, making them interested and providing effective training. Teaching methodologies to read and write not only consist of teaching to introduce or write letters, but also serve to develop language culture, speech culture, reasoning and text comprehension skills. In this regard, the methodologies for teaching reading and writing in elementary grades are very versatile and it is very important to study them carefully. Keywords: primary grades, reading and writing skills, speech culture, reading literacy, text, methods. In the process of teaching reading, the main focus is on correctly implying the sounds of letters to children and pronouncing them. Because each letter has its own sound, phonetic methodology teaches students to associate letters with their sounds. Through this methodology, children begin to perceive letters not only by sight, but also by hearing. Thus, the connection between letters and their sounds is strengthened. Phonetic methodology is very effective at the initial stage of the reading process, giving students the skills of separating words into sounds, hearing sounds, and expressing them in written form. This process helps to increase the speech culture of children, reduce errors in pronunciation. Visual methodology also plays an important role in teaching reading and writing. With this methodology, students take the shapes of letters byeye and remember them. The appearance of letters, the order of theirwriting, the structure of words serve to develop visual memory. Students also learn to use letters and words when writing them while seeing them. With the help of visual methodology, students are formed skills to remember letters and words, to write them correctly. At the same time, visual interest can be created through colorful cards, pictures, and different shapes of letters, which makes the learning process more interesting forstudents.[1] During the reading process, it is very important to teach students to understand the content of the text. It is not enough just to be able to read letters and words, but the reader should be able to understand the main points of the text and analyze it. Therefore, in the reading methodology, students are given the skills of reading the text, answering questions, distinguishing key points, debating by text. These skills develop students' thinking skills, teaching them to understand the text more deeply. In theprocess of reading, various questions, tasks, games are used to motivate page709 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai students to understand the content of the text. This increases the reader's interest in the text and makes reading more efficient. The process of teaching writing is also carried out in stages, such as reading. At first, students are taught to write letters in the correct form. At this stage, the Basic Rules of writing, the order of writing letters, their interconnection are explained. Later, the skills of writing words and dividing them correctly are formed. When teaching writing, it is important to follow the rules of spelling, correctly apply punctuation marks. In order for written speech to be clear and understandable, these rules must be strictly followed. Therefore, teachers pay special attention to teaching not only technical skills, but also language rules when teaching writing.[2] Interactive techniques are an effective tool in teaching reading and writing. Through games, songs and poems, it is possible to concentrate students, to encourage them to be active. For example, conducting various games while teaching letters, singing to remember words, memorizing poems will increase the interest of students. These methods help to develop the speech culture of students, to teach them to think independently. Activities such as writing short stories, essay making are also used to enhance students ' written Speaking skills. In these processes, students learn toexpress their thoughts in written form, which develops their creative abilities.[3] Modern technologies play a large role in teaching reading and writing. With the help of computer programs, interactive educational platforms, e-books, students learn to read and write more interestingly and efficiently. These technologies allow students to perform more practical exercises, perform various tests and tasks. Also, interactive programs can be used to identify students ' learning skills, errors, and provide them with individual support. This makes teaching reading and writing more effecti