Comparative Study of Anthropometric Characteristics and Cardiorespiratory System Functional Activity in Girls Living in Different Regions of The Aral Sea Area

Аннотация

This article presents a comparative study of anthropometric and cardiorespiratory indicators among adolescent girls living in different ecological zones of the Aral Sea region in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Within the framework of the study, girls aged 11-15 from the districts of Muynak, Kungrad, and Takhtakupir were selected, and their body structure and functional activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in certain anthropometric parameters (body mass, arm and thigh length, shoulder width) depending on the ecological area. The results of this study highlight the extent to which the health of children living in the Aral Sea region is influenced by environmental conditions and may serve as a scientific basis for the development of regional health improvement measures. Keywords: Aral Sea region, ecological zones, adolescent girls, anthropometric indicators, body composition, cardiorespiratory system, health, ecological stress, regional differences, statistical analysis. Finding a clear and scientifically based answer to this Introduction: Over the past decades, as a result of the question is complex and requires a multifaceted sharp decrease in water volume in the Aral Sea, the approach. In particular, the systematic study of adverse ecological situation in the lower reaches of the Amu factors affecting health and identifying their causes and Darya has begun to deteriorate. The continental consequences is one of the most important directions characteristics of the climate in the region have of modern physiological science. intensified, air humidity has sharply decreased, and the process of the Aral shores drying up and turning into From this point of view, studying the anthropometric desert has accelerated. Degradation of natural indicators and functional activity of the resources and pollution of the environment with cardiorespiratory system of young people, particularly pesticides and industrial waste are being observed. girls, living in the ecologically distinct Aral Sea region is of great scientific and practical importance. The rise of salt and dust into the air from the dried part of the Aral Sea is causing the disruption of sanitary- Research Objectives hygienic, medical-biological, and ecological conditions The main goal of solving these problems consists of in this area. As a result, a deep transformation process determining the adaptation level of the organism occurred in the Aral Sea natural ecosystems and large- through comparative study of complex anthropometric scale ecological changes were observed. This situation indicators (height, body weight, body mass index, etc.) led to the formation of a new ecological center that can of girls aged 16-22 living in different ecological and be called an "extreme environment." climatic conditions of the Aral Sea region, as well as the Today, the issue of determining exactly which factors functional activity of their cardiorespiratory system. In are causing the decline in health indicators of the achieving this goal, the following tasks were population in the Republic of Uzbekistan is urgent. accomplished: American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 16 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajbspi American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) 1. Measuring anthropometric indicators in homeostasis at tissue and cellular levels and controlling respondents selected from young girls living in the Aral the development of widespread diseases. In their Sea territories: research, functional changes occurring in the organism against the background of ecological stresses were • Height, body weight, BMI (body mass index) deeply analyzed (1). • Width of elbow and ankle joints Physical development is an important indicator • Circumference measurements of waist, hip, calf, reflecting the growth and development processes of wrist, shoulder, chest circumference the organism. In certain stages of ontogenesis, the • Skinfold thickness - front and back of shoulder, mechanism of genotypic characteristics transforming abdomen, back, front of thigh, back of calf into phenotypic characteristics under the influence of social environmental factors is observed. This process 2. Identifying somatotypic differences based on occurs during the growth and development stages of the above indicators and assessing the general the organism (2). developmental state of the organism through them. Physical development is the sum of morphometric 3. Determining cardiovascular and respiratory indicators expressed through somatometry system indicators in girls: coefficients, physiometry, and functional activity • Heart rate (HR) indicators. Physical development is assessed based on • Blood pressure (BP) the following main morphometric parameters: body height, body weight, and chest circumference (3, 4). For • Respiratory rate (RR) complete assessment, additional indicators