The Role of Poetic Devices in The Development of Uzbek Ghazal Poetry in The Second Half of the 20th Century

Аннотация

This article is dedicated to the poetic analysis of select ghazals created in Uzbek literature during the second half of the 20th century. It reveals the significance of ilmi badi' (the science of rhetoric) within the ilmhoyi segona - the triad of sciences, which forms the foundation of classical Eastern poetics - in the development of the period’s ghazal. Alongside traditional poetic devices such as tashbih, talmih, tashxis, tazod (including mutobaqa, tiboq, tatbiq, taqofu), husni ta'lil, irsoli masal, iyhom (tahyil, tavriya), tajnis, tanosub (muroat un-nazir, tavfiq, iytilof, talfiq), and ishtiqoq, the article separately analyzes artistic devices like kalomi jomi', izdivoj, ibhom, ittifoq, and radd, which are widely used in poetry but have received little scholarly attention. The extent to which these devices are employed in the ghazals has been determined, revealing that some ghazals are constructed on the basis of a specific poetic device from the matla (opening couplet) to the maqta (closing couplet). Through the examination of these ghazals, the article ascertains the degree to which the poets adhered to the traditions of their predecessors and highlights their innovative contributions. Keywords: Ghazal, ilmhoyi segona, ilmi badi', kalomi jomi', izdivoj, ibhom, ittifoq, radd. speaks about this science, he abbreviates it as Introduction: One of the main elements of the ilmhoyi "sanoye." Atoullah Husayni calls it "beauty." segona, which forms the composition of Eastern classical poetics and the foundation of poetry, is the The third part of Sheikh Ahmad Tarazi's work "Funun science of badi' - the primary criterion for analyzing the ul-balogha" (1437) is devoted to the topic of artistic artistry of ghazals. Considering that in a work of art, devices, and a total of 97 artistic devices are explained how something is expressed is more important than with Arabic, Persian, and Turkic examples. Another what is expressed, artistic devices are subjected to comprehensive work on the science of badi' is Atoullah scientific analysis. Husayni's "Badoye us-sanoe." In previous works on the science of badi', the artistic devices were divided into It is difficult to imagine lyric poetry, especially ghazals, two types: spiritual and verbal arts. Atoullah Husayni without poetic devices. The delicacy, elegance, and wrote about them: "The beauty of speech is limited to grace of the poem and its lines are based on the artistic three parts. In that respect, every beauty is either only devices used in it. If we look at the history of Eastern in the word, or only in the meaning, or in the beauty of literature, the creative maturity of a writer is connected the combination of words and meanings," thus dividing with their ability to convey to the reader the romantic them into verbal, spiritual, and combined arts. and emotional experiences, or artistic-aesthetic, socio- philosophical, and moral-educational ideas that they The first of the types of poetic art are verbal arts, which wish to express in their works through certain artistic are studied in connection with the word. The main devices. The system of poetic arts is studied within the types of this art include: tarsi', tajnis, radd, qalb, sa'j, framework of the science of badi'. Badi' in Arabic tashtir, tajziya, tasri' tasmit, aks, tardid, zulqofiyatayn, means rare or newly appeared thing. When Navoi tavshih, mulamma', muqatta', musoviyat tarafayn, American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 24 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) mudavvar, mushokala and others, and "verbal beauty from beginning to end, the art of radd us-sadr il-al-ajz is countless and innumerable." and radd ul-aruz il-al-ibtido is used, which the poet called "qaytarma bahr": The second type of artistic forms is spiritual arts, which are frequently employed in Eastern classical poetry. The second type of artistic forms is spiritual arts, which These include: tashbih, talmih, tamsil, tashxis, takrir, are frequently employed in Eastern classical poetry. ta'rix, tajohilu orif, husni ta'lil, irsoli masal, mubolag'a, These include: tashbih, talmih, tamsil, tashxis, takrir, kinoya, laff va nashr, iyhom, kalomi jomi', ruju' ta'rix, tajohilu orif, husni ta'lil, irsoli masal, mubolag'a, (istidrok), itnob, iyjoz. kinoya, laff va nashr, iyhom, kalomi jomi', ruju' (istidrok), itnob, iyjoz. The third group of artistic forms is common arts, and "in this art too, the focus will be on presenting those The third group of artistic forms is common arts, and that are highly regarded by the majority." It consists of "in this art too, the focus will be on presenting those tazod, tajnis, tanosub, tazmin, ishtiqoq, baroati istihlol, that are highly regarded by the majority." It consists of husni matla', husni maqta'. tazod, tajnis, tanosub, tazmin, ishtiqoq, baroati istihlol, husni matla', husni maqta'. In the ghazals of the second ha