MEHODS OF TRANSLATING VERBS WITH THE MEANING OF THE INITIAL PHASE IN GERMAN INTO UZBEK

Аннотация

В данной статье на основе анализа переводов из немецкой литературы аналитических конструкций с чисто фазовым глаголами beginner и anfangen + zu + инфинитив выявляются типы способов их передачи на узбекском языке. Выявляется, что фазовое значение начала в узбекском языке может выражаться аналитическим способом не только посредством чисто фазовых глаголов, но и глаголов многозначных, обладающихфазовой семой. Ключевые слова: фаза начала, фазовый глагол, многозначные глаголы, обладающие фазовой семой, фазовая аналитическая конструкция, постоянный фазовый компонент, переменный процессуальный компонент, лексико-семантические группы, предельные/непредельныеглаголы. НЕМИСТИЛИДАГИ БОШЛАНҒИЧФАЗАМАЪНОСИГАэГАБЎЛГАН ФЕЪЛЛАРНИНГЎЗБЕКТИЛИДАУЗАТИШ УСУЛЛАРИ СодиковаНазокатГафоровна СамДЧТИдокторанти Узбекистан,Самарканд Аннотация: Ушбу мақолада немис тили бадий адабиётлардан олинган соф бошланғич фаза семасига эга феъллар beginnen ва anfangen + zu + инфинитив билан аналитик моделларнинг таржималари таҳлили асосида уларнинг ўзбек тилида берилиши усулларининг турлари очиб берилади. Ўзбек тилида бошланғичфаза маъноси нафақат соф фазалифеъл билан, балкикўп маъноли фаза семасига эга феъллар билан аналитик усулида https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue6,2025 283 берилишимумкинлигианиқланади. Таянч сўзлар: бошланғич фаза, фазавий феъл, кўп маъноли фаза семасига эга феъллар, фазавий аналитик бирикма, доимий фаза компоненти, ўзгарувчан процессуал компонент, лексик-семантикгуруҳлар,чегараланган/чегараланмаган феъллар. In German, combinations formed by a modal verb + a main verb in the infinitive form are recognized in the literature as analytical constructions (for example: [Baklushin 1989], [Rizayev 2019]). In Uzbek linguistic materials, some works have also addressed aspectual meanings (related to types, phases, and various modes of action) associated with analytical constructions (see: [Nurmuhamedov 1976], [Nasilov 1989:16–18], [Ne'matov, Gulomov et al. 1998:52], [Shukurov 2004:11], [Mahmudov, Nurmonova et al. 2009:61], [Muminova 2021:42–44], and others). Based on these studies, the purpose of this article is to determine the methods of expressing initial phase meanings in Uzbek by analyzing examples with the German verbs beginnenand anfangen and theirtranslations into Uzbek. The term “phase-analytical construction” (PAC) is defined in this article as follows: a verb (or verbal construction) expressing phase meaning combines with a linguistic element denoting a process (a verb or noun in various forms) to indicate its stages—specifically, its beginning, continuation, or termination (cessation) (see: [Rizayev 2019: 17]. The verb expressing phase meaning is considered the invariable component (IC) of the analytical construction, while the word denoting theprocess serves as its variable component (VC). Thus, the generalized model of aphase-analytical construction can berepresented as PAC =IC + VC. In German, the initial phase is primarily expressed through meanings that carry the singular semanticfeature of“beginning”. In texts, the most frequently encountered verb is beginnen. In most cases, it combines with a variable component (VC) in the form of an infinitive introduced by zu, which denotes various processes. Thus, the beginnen + infinitive construction serves as the primary model for expressing the initial phase meaning. This model can be expressed in Uzbek through various linguistic means. For example, in our research material, we encountered the following patterns withtheverb “tobegin”: I. Models with begin: 1. Begin+ adverbial participle–(а): (1) Erbegann zu zittern,als er es hörte(Remarque. DreiKameraden, S. 474). - (1а) Ubuni eshitibtitra boshladi(Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 273-bet); Upon hearing this, (s)he beganto tremble (Remark. Uchog‘ayni, 273-page); (2) Nacht. Draußen begannes zu regnen (Remarque. DreiKameraden, S. 161). - (2а) Tun.Yomg‘ir yog‘aboshladi(Remark. Uch og‘ayni,94-bet); Night. Therain beganto fall (Remark. Uch og‘ayni,94-page); (3) Ich sprang über das Gitter und begann einen weißen Fliederbusch zu plündern. (Remarque. DreiKameraden, S.179). - (3а) Men panjaradan sakrab o‘tib siren shoxchalarini uza boshladim. (Remark. Uch og‘ayni, 105-bet); Ijumped over thefence and began to pluckoffthelilacbranches. (4) Sie sperrte ab, trieb einen Keil in den Knäuel, riß die Haufen auseinander, löste sie https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue6,2025 284 aufundbegannsofort abzutransportieren (Remarque. DreiKameraden, S.474).- (4а) Ular hamma yo‘llarrni berkitib, olomon ustiga tashlanishdi, hash-pash deguncha to‘dani parday to‘zitib, odamlarni bitta- bittalab yuk mashinasiga uloqtira boshlashdi (Remark. Uch o‘gayni, 278-bet); They blocked all the exits, threw themselves upon the crowd, and—in the blink of an eye began tearing the group apart, hurling people one by one into the truck (Remark. Uch o‘gayni, 278- page); (5) Die Kanonenkugel strich durch die Halle, blieb hinter unserem Tisch stehen und begannwohlwollend