MADANIYATSHUNOSLIKDA STRUKTURALIZM VA POSTSTRUKTURALIZMNING O‘RNI

Аннотация

Ushbu maqolada madaniyatshunoslik fanida strukturalizm va poststrukturalizm yondashuvlarining ahamiyati, ularning nazariy asoslari va amaliy tatbiqlari tahlil qilinadi. Strukturalizm XX asrning o‘rtalarida til, mifologiya, adabiyot va antropologiyani tahlil qilishda qat’iy struktura va tizimli yondashuvga asoslanib, madaniyatni belgilar tizimi sifatida ko‘radi. Shu asosda Klod Levi-Stross, Roman Yakobson va Ferdinand de Sossyur kabi olimlarning g‘oyalari keng tahlil qilinadi. Poststrukturalizm esa strukturalizmga tanqidiy yondashib, ma'no va haqiqatning nisbiy, o‘zgaruvchanligini ta'kidlaydi. Derrida, Fuko va Barthes kabi mutafakkirlarning qarashlari orqali madaniy hodisalarning ko‘p ma'noliligi va kontekstga bog‘liqligi yoritiladi. Maqolada ushbu ikki oqimning madaniy matnlar, ideologiyalar va ijtimoiy diskurslarni tahlil qilishdagi o‘rni va zamonaviy tadqiqotlarga ta’siri yoritilgan. Kalit so‘zlar: strukturalizm, poststrukturalizm, madaniyatshunoslik, belgi tizimi, diskurs, klod levi-stross, derrida, fuko, semiotika, madaniy tahlil. 7-To’plam 1-son Iyul , 2025 271 Ilm fan taraqqiyotida raqamli iqtisodiyot va zamonaviy ta'limning o'rni hamda rivojlanish omillari THE PLACE OF STRUCTURALISM AND POSTSTRUCTURALISM IN CULTURAL STUDIES ANNOTATION This article analyzes the importance of structuralism and poststructuralism approaches in cultural studies, their theoretical foundations and practical applications. Structuralism, based on a strict structural and systematic approach to the analysis of language, mythology, literature and anthropology in the mid- 20th century, views culture as a system of signs. On this basis, the ideas of scientists such as Claude Levi-Strauss, Roman Jacobson and Ferdinand de Saussure are widely analyzed. Poststructuralism, on the other hand, takes a critical approach to structuralism and emphasizes the relative and changeable nature of meaning and truth. The multiplicity of meanings and context-dependence of cultural phenomena are highlighted through the views of thinkers such as Derrida, Foucault and Barthes. The article discusses the role of these two movements in the analysis of cultural texts, ideologies and social discourses and their impact on modern research. Key words: structuralism, poststructuralism, cultural studies, sign system, discourse, Claude Levi-Strauss, Derrida, Foucault, semiotics, cultural analysis.