The concept “time” in Russian and English proverbs and sayings

Аннотация

This article proposes and analyzes the concept of "time" on the basis of the proverbial fund of Russian and English languages. It was tried to establish the features of the development of Russian and English proverbs and sayings and to study worldpictureof the concept "time". Key words: concept “time”, cognitive linguistics, proverbs, linguistic picture of the world at the moment, inlight of globalization, the language is particularly interested in cross-cultural understanding. It is important to note that the concept is a significant topic incognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics studies the 122 connections between mental models and language expressions corresponding to these models. Thus, it is trying to find its answer to the very ancient, but still open question “how the mind works” and describe how language reflects mental processes. It is important to note that the concept is a significant to picin cognitive linguistics. A.Ya. Gurevich divides linguistic and cultural concepts into philosophical categories (time, space, cause, change, movement), and social, so-called cultural categories (freedom, law, justice, labor, wealth, property) [Гуревич, А. Я. 1984: 37]. The concept of "time" is extremely interesting and at the same time complex – we perceive everything in the world through its prism. Time is an extremely abstract phenomenon and access to the essence, perception of time is possible through language: ideas about time and its qualitative content, formed in consciousness as a result of natural temporal experience, are embodied in symbolic forms and become the property of language. A proverb is a brief and clear expression of a long experience, the consequence of absorbing the past. Since ancient times, mankind has been accompanied by proverbs and sayings. A.N.Afanasiev wrote that “proverbs, by their very form, are not subject to distortion and therefore are a monument to long-established views. Proverbs are the main source of the wisdom of ancestors, keepers of memory and a tool for the transfer of human experience" [Афанасьев А.Н. 1996: 15]. The basic unit (element) of the proverbial picture of the world is a proverb. Her cognitive model, according to E.V.Ivanova, consists of two levels - meaning and internal form, forming a double frame. At the level of meaning, there is knowledge about the norms of morality accepted in society, patterns of behavior, and the accumulated experience of existing in the world. Thus, this knowledge is the property of the language community. It is fixed with the help of a linguistic sign. The inner form acts as a "picture" of everyday life. For example, Москва не сразу строилась, Rome was not built in a day. In both English and Russian, the proverb means the following: any big thing cannot be done in a short period of time, at once. As a picture of everyday life in Russian, the proverb refers to the construction of Moscow (XII century), and the English proverb refers to the construction of Rome [Иванова Е.В. 2003: 15]. The Russian word proverb corresponds to the English proverb, which literally means the following: a short, concise statement widely used and generally recognized; a short sentence, often metaphorical, expressing a life experience or observation and familiar to everyone. We also note that a significant part of English proverbs came from borrowed proverbs from other languages. Proverbs inherited by Western European languages from Latin and Greek are often similar to folk proverbs. However, most Russian proverbs are of folk origin. Scientists and researchers attribute this fact to the fact that for quite a long time in Russia the peasantry prevailed, which, in the course of its labor and household activities, created proverbs that have survived to this day. Thus, proverbs, regardless of the type and whether they are English or Russian, are the same in their life purpose: they are educational in nature, contribute to the development of human mental activity. In addition, the proverb is both a frame and a script. As a frame, it generalizes experience and summarizes the past, and as a scenario, it performs a moral and didactic function, implicitly recommending how to act based on the situation-frame. For example, Делу время — потехе час [Иванова Е.В. 2003: 15]. The array of language units representing the concept of "time" allows us to establish the most important ways of conceptualizing and categorizing the knowledge included in it. These methods are associated with culture codes [Токарев Г.А. 2003: 21-23]. Anthropomorphism embodies, humanizes processes, results, a certain moment in time. Within the framework of this code, there is only one image - this is the image of a person: Время не ждёт (Time does not wait), Время лучший лекарь (Time is the best healer); Время красит, безвременье старит(Time paints, timelessness ages); Временем гони, а временем и сам беги (Drive with time, and run yourself with time); Временем и дурак умно говорит (At times even a