THE CATEGORY OF RESPECT AND IT’S HISTORY

Аннотация

This article analyzes the structure, function, semantic features and application aspects of the means expressing the meaning of respect in the Uzbek language. The meaning of respect is a socio-positive subjective meaning with linguistic and speech means. Keywords: Category, grammatical category, lexical - semantic phenomenon, component, contextual, addressative, honorific. As is known, in grammar, word forms and the laws of their combination are studied. Therefore, grammar consists of interconnected morphology and syntax, and the word is considered its basic element. Also, in traditional linguistics, category is understood as a basic element of grammar: such as the category of possession, the category of plural, the category of person-number, the category of declension, and the category of modality. A category consists of a system of certain meanings and forms, is part of grammar and expresses a broader concept. Because, in a broad sense, a category can also consist of a system of phonetic, lexical or semantic phenomena. The concept of a category is complex and is also found in other fields of science. Also, categories differ in essence, and are not similar to each other in terms of their method of expression and means of depiction. For example, the system of declensions is considered a purely grammatical category, the system of vowels is phonetic, the system of word-forming affixes is lexico-grammatical, and the phenomena of respect and admiration are socio-linguistic categories. As long as human society exists, there will be various social relations between people. Naturally, this relationship, of course, finds its expression in their language. The Uzbek language is no exception. Positive relations between people have their own forms of expression in various forms at all levels of the language. Non-linguistic means of expressing respect include such expressions of respect as greeting with a smile, running up, standing up and bowing, and placing one's hand on one's chest in greeting. The degree of expression of the meaning of respect 132 SCIENCE SHINE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL Issue 14(49), Volume 1 | ISSN 3030-377X | 15.06.2025 through linguistic and non-linguistic means of expressing the meaning of respect is not the same [2;39]. Depending on the structure, function, and semantic properties of the means, their position in the category of respect and the degree of expression of respect are determined. Analysis of the structure, function, semantic properties, and aspects of application of the means of expressing the meaning of respect in the Uzbek language shows that the meaning of respect is a socio-positive subjective meaning that has linguistic and speech means. The connection of linguistic phenomena with the social factor was substantiated by some linguists[5;176]. Later, attention was also paid to this phenomenon in Russian and Uzbek linguistics. The social factor primarily refers to the various social relationships between the interlocutors. In the Uzbek language, the category of respect exists as a sociolinguistic phenomenon and has its own lexical and grammatical means and methods of expression. If we look at the history of the study of the category of respect, it is likely that due to different understandings of the category, the meaning of respect and the phenomenon of respect have not been studied as a separate category in most languages; the means of expressing the meaning of respect have been added to the list of other elements (for example, elements expressing modality). It is emphasized that the category of respect in Japanese has two different expressions. The following thoughts of V.M. Alpatov are significant in this regard: “The first is the “addressative” category, in which the speaker expresses the positive attitude of the speaker towards the interlocutor, and the second is the “honorative” category, in which the speaker expresses the positive attitude towards another person in the conversation. Each category has its own form and system of expression: the forms of the addressative category are in the form of verbs, predicative adjectives and conjunctions; the honorific category is manifested in the form of all independent word groups. In the addressative category, the forms expressing addressative and non-addressive, and in the honorific category, the forms expressing neutrality and humility, create a conflict between each other. Neutral forms can express both respect and humility. These forms do not have a special suffix” [1;13]. In 1944, A. Gulyomov was one of the first to think about the expression of the meaning of respect in the Uzbek language, and he discussed in detail the expression of the meaning of respect with the plural suffix of a noun. In the 50s and 60s of the 133 SCIENCE SHINE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL Issue 14(49), Volume 1 | ISSN 3030-377X | 15.06.2025 last century, scholars such as N.K. Dmitriyev, E.V. Sevortyan, A.N. Kononov, F. Abdullayev, K. Nazarov a