AIR POLLUTION AND ITS ANALYSIS IN TASHKENT AND NAVOIY CITIES DURING 1995–2010

Аннотация

This article provides a scientific-analytical overview of the state of air pollution in the city of Fergana from 1995 to 2010. It analyzes the levels and trends of major air pollutants over time, with a focus on suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and other harmful components. The impact of industrial enterprises, transportation, and other anthropogenic factors on air quality is discussed. The study also examines the potential health effects on the population and evaluates environmental risks. Additionally, the article offers recommendations and measures for air protection and pollution reduction. Keywords: air pollution, industrial emissions, Fergana city, environmental risk, public health, suspended particles, sulfurdioxide, nitrogen oxide, 1995–2010. Today, among the various environmental issues, air pollution is considered one of the most pressing global problems. In areas with high population density and rapid industrial development, this issue becomes even more acute. The Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan, particularly the city of Fergana, is among the regions where the level of ecological risk continues to rise due to the increase in industrial enterprises, the number of vehicles, and population growth. Especially during the period from 1995 to 2010, the volume of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere significantly increased as a result of economic reforms, the expansion of industrial production, the growth in the number of automobiles, and the development ofinfrastructure. Air pollution negatively affects human health, environmental sustainability, and the natural balance of ecosystems. Based on monitoring data conducted in Fergana city, it has been revealed that the concentrations of suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and other chemical substances in the airhave exceeded permissiblelevels, contributingto thespread of various chronic diseases. This article scientifically and analytically examines the quantity of key pollutants in the atmosphere of Fergana city during the years 1995–2010, their sources, dynamic changes, and their impact on public health. Additionally, the article presents proposals and recommendations aimed at preventingexisting issues and reducing ecological risks. page75 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Air pollution remains one of the most urgent ecological concerns today. In large cities with dense populations, particularly in areas where industrial enterprises operate, the increase in the concentration of harmful substances in the air poses a serious threat to human health. Fergana city—being one of the major industrial and transport hubs of the Fergana Valley— holds significant scientific and practical relevance for studying air pollution levels. Based on monitoring results from 1995 to 2010, this study analyzes the changes in concentrations of major air pollutants—suspended particles, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, phenol, and ammonia. Using the average annual concentrations recorded during these years, the study evaluates air quality indicators and identifies probable causes of changes observed inspecific years. Table1 AirPollutioninFergana City During 1995–2010(Average Concentrations inmg/m³) No Year Suspen- Sulfur Carbon Nitroge Nitric Phenol Am- . s ded Dioxid Monoxid n Oxide (mg/m³ monia Particle e e Dioxide (mg/m³ ) (mg/ s (mg/m³ (mg/m³) (mg/m³ ) m³) (mg/m³) ) ) 1 1995 0.1 0.019 2 0.04 0.03 0.003 0.06 2 1996 0.2 0.013 2 0.05 0.04 0.003 0.06 3 1997 0.2 0.015 1 0.06 0.05 0.003 0.06 4 1998 0.2 0.012 1 0.05 0.03 0.004 0.03 5 1999 0.2 0.012 1 0.05 0.02 0.004 0.03 6 2000 0.2 0.017 1 0.06 0.02 0.004 0.03 7 2001 0.1 0.023 1 0.04 0.01 0.005 0.06 8 2002 0.1 0.018 2 0.04 0.01 0.004 0.06 9 2003 0.1 0.014 1 0.05 0.01 0.003 0.05 10 2004 0.1 0.022 2 0.04 0.01 0.003 0.04 11 2005 0.1 0.022 2 0.04 0.01 0.003 0.05 12 2006 0.1 0.021 2 0.05 0.01 0.003 0.03 13 2007 0.1 0.014 1 0.04 0.01 0.004 0.04 14 2008 0.1 0.018 2 0.04 0.01 0.003 0.05 15 2009 0.1 0.016 1 0.04 0.01 0.003 0.04 16 2010 0.1 0.017 2 0.04 0.01 0.003 0.05 page76 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The results of the analysis show that during the years 1995–2010, the level of air pollution in Fergana city remained relatively stable, although some fluctuations in the concentration ofcertain pollutantswere observed inspecific years. The concentration of suspended particles was 0.1 mg/m³ in 1995 and increased to 0.2 mg/m³ in 1996. This indicator remained relatively high until 2001 but then stabilized at around 0.1mg/m³ in thefollowing years. This may indicateareduction indust source