Analysis of polymorphism of genes associated with endurance in young athletes-football players

Аннотация

DNA polymorphisms are variable regions in the DNA sequence that occur in a population with a frequency of at least 1%, and in the vast majority of cases have a neutral effect. There are also polymorphisms that can affect the degree of gene expression, the activity of functional products (proteins, RNA) and the structure of proteins. The functional significance of these polymorphisms is due to the fact that they are located in coding (exons, microRNA genes and some introns containing microRNA genes) and regulatory (promoters, enhancers, insulators) regions of DNA. It is these, the least represented types of polymorphisms, that are the subject of associative research by sports geneticists. Single– nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common reason for the existence of several variants of one gene (alleles), they account for the vast majority of variations in the human genome.