THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VISUAL AIDS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL LESSONS

Аннотация

This article analyzes the effectiveness of using visual aids in the primary school learning process. The study examines the impact of modern visual materials on reinforcing students’ knowledge, focusing their attention, and enhancing their understanding of the subject. The analysis revealed that the use of visual aids can make the educational process not only more engaging but also more effective. The article provides recommendations on the rational use of visual materials, taking into account the psychological characteristics of primary school students, as well as mechanisms of perception and memory. Based on pedagogical experience, methodological approaches, and scientific sources, practical suggestions are presented at the endofthearticle. Keywords: visual aids, primary education, effectiveness, methodology, psychological characteristics,learning process. Currently, the reforms taking place in the field of education require modern pedagogical approaches. In particular, the primary education stage is considered a crucial period for forming students’ fundamental knowledge, skills, and competencies. From this perspective, the rational use of various methods and tools during lessons, especially, the broad application of visual aids has become one of the most pressing issues today. Visual aids are among the most effective tools for presenting learning material in an illustrative manner, sparking students’ interest in the topic,and activating theirperception. Modern primary school students are more inclined to perceiveinformation visually compared to previous generations. Therefore, teaching should be organized with consideration of their psychological characteristics, age, perception levels, and memory mechanisms. For this reason, using colorful images, diagrams, videos, tables, and other visual materials during lessons can significantlyenhance students’comprehension and retention. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that using visual aids can not only improve the effectiveness of education but also develop students’ independent thinking abilities. Hence, developing scientifically grounded recommendations for the use of such tools in primary school lessonsis ofgreat importance. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using visual aids in primary school lessons andto develop pedagogical recommendations based onthefindings. Theresearch tasksinclude: Studying thetypes ofvisual aids and their impact onstudents; o Analyzing thepsychological characteristics ofprimary schoolstudents; o Developing a methodology for organizingeffective lessons using visual materials; o Demonstrating mechanisms for reinforcing students’ knowledge based on practical o recommendations. Theobject of theresearch is theprocess ofprimary education. The subject of the research is the methodological potential and pedagogical effectiveness of usingvisual aids during lessons. 38 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue07(2025) Various opinions have been expressed in scientific research and methodological developments in this field, which are of great importance in further improving the educational process. In the field of educational psychology, the famous American scholar Dale Edgar, in his “Cone of Experience” theory, states that people remember 10% of what they read, 20% of what they hear, 30% of what they see, and 50% of what they see and hear. This theory highlights the crucial role of visual aids in the learning process. Similarly, Bruner (Bruner, J. S., 1966), in his research, emphasizes the importance of visual and experiential learning in the development of children’sthinking. In the textbooks and methodological guides developed by the Russian scholar N. F. Vinogradova for primary grades, the use of visual aids holds a special place. She extensively analyzes the significance of colorful images, diagrams, tables, and graphic illustrations in developing students’ imagination. According to her, “mental operations in children are formed through visual stimuli”. Moreover, countries with advanced education systems such as Finland, South Korea, and Japan extensively utilize visual aids in primary education. For instance, in Finland, each topic is presented with colorful graphics, models, and real-life examples, which allows children to apply their acquired knowledge in daily life. A similar approach is used in SouthKorea, where short video clips related toeach topicare integrated into thelessons. Russian methodologists such as P. I. Pidkasistiy, V. A. Slastyonin, and M. N. Skatkin highlight that the use of visual aids in primary education is important not only for explanation but also in students’ independent activities. They point out that the presence of aesthetic elements, such as pictures, drawings, videos, and real objects, creates a positive emoti