APPLICATION OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN GROWING WATERMELON VARIETIES

Аннотация

This article provides information about the varieties of watermelon grown in our republic, the cultivation of early watermelon varieties, and several intensive methods for extending the period of consumption of fresh watermelon products throughout the year by the population,and establishingwatermelon consumption earlierthan usual throughout theyear. Key words: Mulch, watermelon, Oriental delight, Shirin, Koziboy, Miramir, film cover, tunnel, decade, heat-loving. Watermelon crops are thermophilic, as they originate from South Africa. Watermelon seeds begin to germinate at +14-16 °C. When the temperature drops below this, the seeds rot in the ground and rarely germinate. Therefore, watermelon crops cannot be planted too early - before the ground warms up. The optimal temperature for seed germination is +20 °C. The temperature can fluctuate around +15-32 °C during the day. At such a temperature, seedlings will begin to appear 5-6 days after sowing. A decrease in temperature delays the germination of seedlings. The optimal temperature for watermelon growth and development is +25-30 °C. If the temperature drops to +12-15 °C, the flowers of the crops fall off, they stop growing and gradually dry out. 0 °C or -1 °C completely destroys the seedlings of watermelon crops. If the temperature drops to +3-5 °C, even adult plants are damaged. Despite the fact that watermelon is an extremely thermophilic plant, it is not very resistant to heat. The protein in the leaves page351 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai coagulates at +45-50 °C. However, since the transpiration process in watermelon is extremely intensive, theplant cools down. This increases its heat resistance to some extent. 47 varieties of watermelon are zoned in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan, of which 15 are local, the rest are foreign varieties. Currently, such varieties of watermelon as Shirin, Sharq ne'mati, Dilnoz, Ko'ziboy, Holler, L-64, Miramir are grown in the territories of our Republic. To obtain a bountiful and high-quality watermelon crop, it is necessary to use seeds with a variety of at least 99% and germination of at least 90-95%. Before planting, the seeds are soaked in a 5% solution of table salt. As a result, the dark and large fractions of the seeds sink under water, and the small and immature seeds float to the surface. The seeds that remain under water are removed, rinsed in clean water and dried until the moisture evaporates. Heating the seeds at +40-50 °C for 4-5 hours increases the resistance of the seeds to diseases, as well as the number of mother flowers, which has apositiveeffect onincreasing theyield. To increase the germination capacity of the seeds, it has been scientifically proven that soaking them in a 0.5-1.0% solution of copper sulfate for 1 hour before sowing increases the yield by 13-14% and seed germination by 8.7%. Methods for extending the period of consumption of fresh watermelon products by the population of our republic throughout the year: 1.Usingvarious methods ofgrowing a fairy-tale product. 2. Introduction of late-ripening varieties suitable for longer storage and improvement of storage methods. There are several intensive methods for extending the period of consumption of fresh watermelon products throughout the year by establishing the consumption of watermelons earlier than usual throughout the year. Methods of growing early watermelon products include mulching the soil, planting the crop from seedlings, planting seedlings and seeds under temporary filmcovers, and growing inprotected heated and unheated greenhouses. There are several intensive methods for extending the period of consumption of fresh watermelons throughout the year and establishing the consumption of watermelons earlier than usual throughout the year. The methods of growing early watermelons include mulching the soil, planting the crop from seedlings, mulching seedlings and seeds under temporary film covers, and growing in protected heated and unheated greenhouses. The first method is mulching the soil. Mulching is carried out simultaneously with sowing seeds or after sowing. In thiscase, a film is covered over the rows of crops and its edges are covered with soil. After the emergence of the crop, holes are made in the film so that the plants can emerge from the surface. The plants are left on the film throughout the entire growing season and removed after the harvest. In this method, the crop is sown one to two weeks before the date of planting in open ground. Mulching the soil with seedlings also gives you theopportunityto get a fabulous product. The most effective way to accelerate watermelon cultivation is to plant the crop from seedlings in open ground, this is the second method, and most of our farmers use this method. The resulting trenches are covered with