“GEODETIC MONITORING OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES IN SURXONDARYO: A STUDY BASED ON GNSS, TOTAL STATION, AND LEVELING METHODS”

Аннотация

This article analyzes methods for monitoring the technical condition of road bridges using modern geodetic instruments such as GNSS receivers, optical total stations, and high- precision levels. The study is conducted theoretically based on a conditional model of road bridges in the Surkhandarya region. It outlines the stages of monitoring, measurement technologies, placement of control points, and algorithms for detecting spatial displacements. The necessary engineering formulas and calculation methods for identifying movements, shifts, settlements, and deformations are provided. Based on the monitoring results, it is possible to assess the structural safety level and provide operational recommendations. The research findings can serve as a practical guide for establishing geodetic monitoring systems for other road bridges across the country. Keywords: road bridge, geodetic monitoring, GNSS, total station, level instrument, deformation, measurement accuracy, engineering geodesy.