PREVENTION OF SPEECH DISORDERS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Аннотация

The peculiarities of the preschool age and the speech defects that occur during this period are highlighted. The work that parents and speech therapists need to do toensure that the child passes this period well is indicated. The impact of speech defects on the child's development is indicated. Keywords: Speech impairment, preschool age, dyslalia, brain, fine motor skills, verbal communication. Annotation:The peculiarities of the preschool age period and the speech defects that occur during this period are highlighted. The work that should be done by parents and speech therapists to ensure that the child passes this period well is indicated. The impact of speech defects onthedevelopment of thechild isindicated. Keywords: Speech defect, preschool age, dyslalia, brain, fine motor skills, verbal communication. Introduction. Each age period is of great importance in human development. Especially the preschool age. This period plays a key role in the development of a child. Physical and mental development is growing. One of the most common speech defects in this age period is dyslalia. Dyslalia is a violation of the pronunciation of sounds with preserved innervation and normal hearing. According to M. Ayupova, dyslalia is 41.5% among 5-year-old children and 22.9% among 6-year-old children. Disorders in the pronunciation of sounds are mainly found in the pronunciation of R, L, S, Z, SH, CH, K, G, Q, G', X , J, Y and other sounds. Disorders in the pronunciation of these sounds cannot but have a negative impact on the speech development of preschool children. The presence of a speech defect requires a comprehensive approach to the child from parents and educators. This is because the future of the child is important, first of all, for him and his parents. In order to prevent violations of the pronunciation of sounds, it is important for parents to have more verbal communication with the child and to satisfy emotional needs. Speech is formed on the basis of imitation. Therefore, the fluent and correct speech of the parents is also useful in preventing or correcting a speech defect in a child. The work carried out by the speech therapist and the homework assigned to the child also have a positive effect onthenormal speech development of thechild. page293 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai In preschool children, dyslaliais not the only speech defect. More serious speech defects can also occur. This is mainly related to the brain. Even a minor injury to the brain in the perinatal or early postnatal period can disrupt speech development in a child. When the brain is injured, the innervation of the articulatory apparatus can also be disrupted and serious anomalies in the pronunciation of sounds can occur. In addition, there are cases such as a slowdown in speech development, a delay in the emergence of the first speech units. In such cases, it is advisable for parents to pay close attention to the child, protect him from brain injuries,and ifabrain injuryoccurs, consulta doctorin a timely manner. The child's brain continues to develop and mature even after birth. These processes mainly occur up to the age of 5. After the age of 5, functional asymmetry occurs in the brain. That is, nerve cells begin to occupy the necessary hemispheres according to their function and location. Therefore, during thisperiod, thecompensatory potential ofnerve cells is high. Prevention of speech disorders in preschool children is important. An integrated approach to this process is important. The presence of a speech disorder causes secondary disorders in the child's psyche. The main symptoms are shyness, nervousness, inability to fully express one's thoughts when communicating. If the child's physical and mental development is normal and, as aresult, his speech development isnormal, theabove negative situationswill not occur. The child's communication with other people becomes easier and his mental development is also formed in anormal way. Mainliterature: 1. Ayupova M.Yu. Logopedics. – T.: Publishing House of the National Society of Philosophers ofUzbekistan, 2007 2. Umarbekova.YA Muminova.LR Cooperation between specialists and parents in providing comprehensive services to children with special needs 2016. 3.MRPo'latkhojayeva Clinical Fundamentals ofDefectology. Tashkent 2013 4.U. Fayziyeva. D. Nazarova. F.Kadirova Surdopedagogy 2012 5. D.A. Nurkeldiyeva, MUKHAMIDOVA Diagnostics of children with developmental disabilities,Tashkent 2016 page294