METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH: AN INTEGRATED, EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH

Аннотация

This article examines major methodologies in English Language Teaching (ELT)— from traditional to post method approaches—with real academic sources. It critically evaluates Grammar-Translation, Audio-Lingual, Communicative, Task-Based, Natural, and Post method pedagogies. The paper proposes an integrative, culturally responsive approach enhanced by technology and tailored to learners’needs and contexts. Keywords: Grammar- Translation method, Audio-Lingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching, Task-Based Language Teaching. Аннотация:В данной статье рассматриваются основные методики преподавания английского языка (ELT) — от традиционных до постметодических подходов — с использованием реальных академических источников. Проведен критический анализ грамматико-переводного метода, аудиолингвального подхода, коммуникативного обучения, обучения на основе выполнения заданий, естественного метода и постметодических педагогик. В статье предлагается интегративный, культурно- ориентированный подход, усиленный современными технологиями и адаптированный подпотребностии контекст обучающихся. Ключевые слова:грамматико-переводной метод, аудиолингвальный метод, коммуникативноеобучен Albatta, manasizning maqolangizningo‘zbektilidagi tarjimasi: Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilini o‘qitish (ELT)dagi asosiy metodologiyalar — an’anaviy yondashuvlardan tortib, post-metod davr yondashuvlarigacha — haqiqiy ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada Grammatik- tarjima usuli, Audiolingval metod, Kommunikativ yondashuv, Vazifaga asoslangan o‘qitish, Tabiiy metod va Post-metod pedagogikasi tanqidiy baholanadi. Shuningdek, maqola texnologiyalar bilan boyitilgan, madaniy jihatdan moslashtirilgan va o‘quvchilarning ehtiyojlari hamda kontekstlariga moslashtirilgan integrativ yondashuvni taklifetadi. Kalit so‘zlar: Grammatik-tarjima usuli, Audiolingval metod, Kommunikativ til o‘qitish, Vazifaga asoslangan til o‘qitish. It is not secret that, English has been becoming lingua franca and ability of speaking English is also being one of the most important factor that should be taken into account while hiring new staffs. The number of English teachers is also increasing with their own teaching methods. However, conducting lessonswith traditional old methods isnot effective anymore. English teaching has evolved from rule-driven instruction to context-responsive, learner- centered models. Effective methodology requires a synthesis of structural accuracy, page79 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai communicative competence, and adaptability to varied educational settings. Before analyzing newapproaches, revising traditional ones will bemore appropriate. Grammar–Translation Method. GTM emphasizes grammatical rules and translation, aiming for reading and literary proficiency. Though widely used historically, it deprioritizes spoken language and communicativeskills . Audio-Lingual Method. Influenced by behaviorism, ALM uses mimicry and drill repetition. Whileitaids pattern automation, itoften suppresses learnercreativity and spontaneous speech. Communicativeand Interaction-Focused Approaches Communicative Language Teaching. CLT centers on meaningful interaction and authentic materials. Learners use English communicatively, enhancing fluency and functional competence. It marks ashift from grammar-focus to communicativegoals. Task-Based LanguageTeaching & Content-Based Instruction. TBLT engages students in real-world tasks, promoting active language use. CBI integrates subject content with language learning, common in academic and professional settings. Natural Approach andComprehension-BasedMethods. The Natural Approach encourages comprehensible input over forced output, lowering stress in language acquisition.Learners absorb grammarnaturally, before beginning to speak. Post method Pedagogy. Pioneered by Kumaravadivelu, postmethod pedagogy rejects one-size- fits-all methods.It proposes three parameters: •Particularity: tailoring teaching to local context •Practicality: linkingtheory toactual teaching practice •Possibility: empowering learners and challenging sociocultural constraints . Macrostrategies In Beyond Methods (2006), Kumaravadivelu outlines macrostrategies such as promoting learner autonomy, contextualizing input, facilitating negotiated interaction, and integrating skills. Integrating Technology Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) CALL has evolved from drills to interactive multimedia tools and social-networked platforms. Integrative CALL enhances grammar, vocabulary, and communication through rich digital mediums. AIandChatbots Recent studies show AI tools, such as ChatGPT, can support language feedback and oral practice. While teacher feedback remains essential for syntax, AI can enhance lexical development and cohesion. CulturallyResponsiveELT ELT must be cultu