SYMBOLIZATION OF SOCIO-POLITICAL IDEAS THROUGH THE CONCEPTS OF "AUTUMN", "WINTER", AND "FALL" (On the Example of Jadid Poetry)

Аннотация

The symbolic images used in Uzbek literature have been uniquely interpreted in mythology, folklore, and written literature. In Jadid poetry, the meanings attached to such imagery expand further to reflect social and political ideas. Poets such as Cholpon and Fitrat occupy a special place in Uzbek literature as symbolist poets. Their poems clearly display the symbolic representation of socio-political concepts. This article examines how Jadid poetry uses symbolic images like “autumn” and “fall” to artistically express social and political problems, and it also evaluates thepoeticmastery ofthesepoets. Keywords:Symbol, autumn, fall, spring, independence, colonialism, captivity, landscape, dawn. Jadid poets began to imbue traditional literary imagery with new meanings to reflect the socio- political issues of their time. In particular, terms denoting the seasons were enriched with ideologically symbolic content tied to the spirit of the age, often diverging from their literal meanings. While such symbols drew nourishment from folklore and classical literary traditions, thecreation oforiginal symbolic-imagery became adefining feature ofJadid poetry. In classical Uzbek poetry, contrasts like “spring–fall” and “summer–winter” were widely used to artistically interpret themes of longing, endurance, existence and non-existence, life and death. The Jadid poets reinterpreted these seasonal symbols: “winter” and “autumn” came to symbolize the sorrowful and oppressed condition of early 20th-century Turkestan, while “spring” symbolized national awakening, progress, and freedom, and “summer” symbolized homeland and national pride. When it comes to using seasonal imagery, the influence of classical traditions is especially visible in the works of poets like Abdulla Avloni and Sidqiy Khondaliqiy. In contrast, the works of Cholpon and Fitrat clearly exhibit theinfluence ofthe modern era and Western poetry. The Jadid poets began attaching new socio-political significance to conventional literary symbols, notably theseasons. As in classical literature, where “spring” signified hope and “autumn” or “winter” were associated with hardship, the Jadid poets transformed these associations into reflections of colonial oppression and national suffering. They used nature and the seasons to express the socio-politicalcondition of theirnation. page59 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai In Cholpon’s poetry, the themes of autumn and fall recur frequently. The harmony between nature and society is depicted through landscapes, reflecting both natural beauty and social complexity. The symbols “autumn” and “fall” often express the tension between human hopes and despair. However, in Cholpon’s case, these symbols serve a broader purpose: to reflect socio-politicalideas. Forinstance, inhis poem “Autumn,”we read: Theleaves oncelush and green nowturn yellow– Like thepained, defeated faceof thecaptive East. Theeyes ofstorms, nowgleaming and playful, Like theblood-filled eyes oftriumphant West. The yellowing of spring-green leaves is a natural phenomenon, but thepoet uses this imagery to compare it to the suffering and defeat of theEast. The “defeated” and“captive”state of the East alludes to social injustice, tyranny, and violations of human rights. Through the description of a landscape, the poet brings these issues to light. Nature becomes socialized. “Captive East” is contrasted with“blood-filled West,” symbolizingoppression versus aggression. As one critic notes, Cholpon’s depictions of seasons are not merely reflections of mood, but expressions of ideology. Many of his poems from 1921–23 assign social meaning to nature, usingit to highlight injustice. Thesedepictions often compare “East”and“West.” The greater the poet, the deeper the emotion. This is evident in Cholpon’s poetry. He was steadfast in his beliefs, and his poetic legacy is proof. Through his poems, he called on society toawaken and criticized colonialism harshly. Disastermarches linebyline, Even crows cross theskies infear. Like theEast, hidden,quietly crushed, Many soulsawait theirfinal breath. After eliminating political opposition, the Soviet state and the Communist Party turned their gaze on a nation devoted to truth, faith, and morality. Cholpon expresses this painful reality withsymbols like“black clouds”and “autumn songs.” Aflock of black clouds has veiled thesky – As ifacurtain has fallen upontheEast. Thearmy ofautumn shootspoisoned arrows Endlesslyinto theheart ofsummer. The “black clouds” veiling the East represent colonizers trying to extinguish Turkestan’s freedom. The “autumn army” sings a poisonous song, contrasting with “summer,” which symbolizeshomeland and national fate. page60 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,