INTRODUCING NEW TERMS FROM THE MEDIA INTO UZBEK AND THEIR EFFECTS ON LANGUAGE CHANGE

Аннотация

The article focuses on how new terms are incorporated into Uzbek and highlights how neologisms are causing language changes. In addition, the article outlines reasons of language changes dueto theusage ofmediawords. Key Words: Onomatopoeia, loanwords, semantic translation, direct translation, rapid language change, media-related words. Similar to other languages, Uzbek is expanding its vocabulary. In Uzbek, words from both related and unrelated languages have been incorporated into common speech without any modifications. Furthermore, new words are entering the Uzbek language as a result of advancements in science and technology. External sources are also contributing to the richness of the Uzbek language. No language in the world evolves only via internal capacity without incorporating vocabulary from other languages. Uzbek is no different. Three elements are recognized to beessential tothe development oftheUzbek language's lexicon.Theseare: 1. All vocabulary stems from the ancient Turkic language, profoundly influencing the formation o fthe Uzbek language lexicon. Furthermore, common words andphrases are reflected in theafor ementioned elements. Numerous common words and expressions in Uzbek originate from the a ncient Turkic language. For example, words like "ona" (mother), "ota" (father), "suv" (water), "quyosh" (sun), and "yer" (earth) are fundamental to the language and have been used for centuries. 2. Borrowed words, these words are borrowed from other languages, including: Arabic, Persian- Tajik, Russian, German, French, Spanish, English, and others. The interesting aspect of these words is that they are mainly formed from a combination of classical languages (Arabic, Turkic, Persian-Tajik). Those words are frequently used in academic, cultural, and religious contexts. For instance, "kitob" (book), "qalam" (pen), "ilm" (knowledge), "din" (religion), and "siyosat" (politics)are terms that often arise in discussionsabout theseareas. 3. Borrowed neologisms, this type of words is created in thelanguage by adding suffixes, prefixes, and affixes to existing words. For example, words like "kompyuter" (computer), "internet" (internet), "mobil" (mobile), and "telefon" (phone) are examples of how new words are formed usingthis method. It's true that some loanwords are adopted directly into the language without any changes to their form or meaning, like "bar," "film," and "lider." These are relatively easy to recognize and integrate into everyday speech. However, it’s also right that many people struggle with loanwords that have undergone some level of adaptation or integration into the Uzbek grammatical system. For example, it's less common for people to be familiar with words like "bojole" (from French) or "punch" and "ponce" (from English), which have been adapted to fit Uzbek grammar. It's fascinating to see how loanwords can be adopted in different ways, sometimes retaining their original form and sometimes undergoing significant changes. This page36 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai process reflects the dynamic nature of language and its ability to adapt to new influences. It's fascinating to see how loanwords can be incorporated into the language through both semantic anddirect translation methods. 1. Semantic Translation: This is where the meaning of the loanword is translated into Uzbek, whilethe form might be adapted slightly. You've given great examples: "confort" (from English "comforts") and "autoritar" (from Italian "rendere autorevole"). This shows how the meaning is translated, but theform might beslightly adjustedto fit Uzbek grammar. 2. Direct Translation (Calque): This is where the loanword is translated literally, word-for-word, from another language. Your examples of "sky-scraper" (from English) and "klassen kampf" (from German) are excellent examples ofthis. It’s fascinating to observe how these two translation methods can generate new terms in Uzbek, enhancing the language and demonstrating its capacity to adapt to fresh concepts and ideas. Loanwords serve as proof of the interconnectedness among languages and the impact they exert on one another. The connection between loanwords and bilingualism is intriguing. When individuals encounter several languages, they tend to integrate words and expressions from one language into another. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in contexts where people alternate between languages based on the situation or environment. You are correct in noting that the source of loanwords can often expose the influence of other languages on a specific language. This is particularly evident in situations where one language has been significantly shaped by another, like German and the Romance languages, which exhibit a considerable amount of borrowed terms from each other. The interchange of vocabul