RELATIONS OF INDIA, PAKISTAN AND CHINA WITH THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES IN THE SCO

Аннотация

This state speech is about the relations of India, Pakistan and China with the Central Asian states within the SCO. The author, analyzing the relationship of these states in thesphere of economy in the economics, and in the regional security, concludes that the Central Asian countries are a «tasty morsel»forthe «triangle»countries -India, Pakistan and China. Key words:organization, relationship, interrelation, politics, balance of power, economic cooperation,regional security. In the modern system ofinternational relations, which is characterizeby thedominance of Western values ​ ​ and alliances, the Eurasian bloc of states is trying to achieve a “balance of power” by expanding regional and interregional ties. Since its formation on June 15, 2001, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has frequently organized meetings between the leaders of Pakistan and India, but they have not led to concrete practical results. For the first time in fifteen years, the SCO faced such a major expansion as the accession of nuclear powers IndiaandPakistan (2017). India expressed its desire to become part of the SCO back in 2005. Since then, it has participated in the organization's events as an observer, and in 2015, simultaneously with Pakistan's accession, the process of India's accession to the SCO began1. Over its ten years as an observer, India has had varying degrees of interest in participating in the organization's work2. This was expressed in the level of its representation at meetings of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO Member States, as well as in the desire to apply for full membership in the organization. India first applied in 2010, while its “opponent” Pakistan had already declared its desireto become part oftheSCOin2006. This move is due to the lack of opportunity to obtain real benefits from the organization's work, as well as the SCO's long preparations for its expansion in connection with China's hesitation regarding the admission of India. The number of observers to the organization has grown over the years, but their role in decision-making has been formal. As a result, India has expressed varying levels ofinterest in joining. Behind India's current proactive stance lies a desire to pursue its own security and economic interests. This conclusion emerges from a study of the country's main policy directions and its interactions with other members of the organization, particularly China. According to some foreign experts, relations between countries develop in accordance with the 1НасаммитеШОСутвержденорешениеопринятиивсоставорганизацииИндиииПакистана//Официальныйсайт телеканалаRussiaToday.–10.09.2015.–Режимдоступа:https://russian.rt.com/article/102646#top. 2УшаковЮ.БанкразвитияБРИКС–вкладвукреплениемировойфинансовойархитектуры:интервьютелеканалуRussia Today//ОфициальныйсайтRT.–07.06.2016.–Режимдоступа:https://russian.rt.com/article/101811 page24 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue07,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai influence that the international political system has on their interaction: through the formation of an alliance, a balance of power, a balance of threats and a coincidence of interests to ensure security3. Since its founding, the SCO has concluded large-scale agreements in the fields of economics, security, investment, energy and culture. Despite the fact that, due to the lack of coordination among the participants, the implementation of individual agreements is extremely slow and contradictory, the importance of the organization cannot be underestimated, if only because ofthemembership ofsuch powers as India andChina. The geographical space that the SCO covers is of great economic importance to India and China. First of all, participation in the SCO will give a diplomatic boost to India's efforts to build contacts with Central Asia, where our country, Uzbekistan, is located. This region is rich in natural resources and minerals, but access to them is limited due to the lack of access to the ocean by the Central Asian countries. Therefore, their trade depends on third countries and the specifics of political regimes. States in close proximity to the region want to control access to natural resources. Their success depends on finding reliable transport routes. The SCO can help India achieve its energy interests. It is already looking to expand ties with Iran through the construction of the Chabahar port and associated rail network. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani signed a contract worth more than $500 million in May 20164. In addition, one cannot ignore India’s interest in implementing the CASA-1000, TAPI, IPI and other projects, which will allow it to productively cooperate with the Central Asian states inthe field ofeconomics and energy. CASA-1000 is one of the largest energy network projects, which involves the cr