FITRATNING O'ZBEK ADABIYOTIGA QO'SHGAN HISSASI VA UNING JADIDCHILIKDAGI ROLI

Аннотация

Mazkur maqolada Oʻrta Osiya jadidchiligining taniqli vakili,oʻzbek tarixchisi filolog Abdurauf Fitrat hayoti va ijodini oʻrganishga qaratilgan.Maqolada Fitrat hayoti ,va adabiy merosi chuqur tahlil qilingan.Shuningdek,Fitratning oʻzbek adabiyotiga qoʻshgan hissasi, jadidchilik davridagi xalqimiz uchun koʻrsatgan bqiyos jonbozliklari koʻrib chiqilgan Fitratning hayotini va uning badiiy merosini chuqur oʻrganmoqchi boʻlgan oʻquvchilar uchun moʻljallangan. Kalit soʻzlar: Abdurauf Fitrat, jadidchilik, oʻzbek adabiyoti, adabiy meros, jonbozlik, tarix, filologiya. ВКЛАД ФИТРАТА В УЗБЕКСКУЮ ЛИТЕРАТУРУ И ЕГО РОЛЬ В ДЖАДИДИЗМЕ Автор: студентка группы 11-1ing-24 факультета филологии и преподавания языков Қосимова Феруза Қутлуғ қизи Данная статья посвящена изучению жизни и творчества Абдурауфа Фитрата, выдающегося деятеля среднеазиатского джадидизма, узбекского историка и филолога. В статье представлен углубленный анализ жизни и литературного наследия Фитрата. Также рассматриваются вклад Фитрата в узбекскую литературу и его беспримерная самоотверженность по отношению к нашему народу в период джадидизма. Эта статья предназначена для читателей, желающих глубоко изучить жизнь Фитрата и его художественное наследие. Ключевые слова: Абдурауф Фитрат, джадидизм, узбекская литература, литературное наследие, самоотверженность, история, филология. https://scientific-jl.org/obr 3 8 7 Выпуск журнала №-69 Часть–6_ Мая –2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181-3187 FITRAT'S CONTRIBUTION TO UZBEK LITERATURE AND HIS ROLE IN JADIDISM" Author: Feruza Qosimova, a student of the Department of Philology and Language Teaching, Group 11-1ing-24 Annotation:This article is dedicated to the study of the life and work of Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent figure of Central Asian Jadidism, and an Uzbek historian and philologist. The article provides an in-depth analysis of Fitrat's life and literary heritage. It also examines Fitrat's contribution to Uzbek literature and his unparalleled dedication to our people during the Jadid period. This article is intended for readers who wish to delve deeply into Fitrat's life and his artistic legacy. Keywords: Abdurauf Fitrat, Jadidism, Uzbek literature, literary heritage, dedication, history, philology. Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent figure of Uzbek Jadidism, who contributed significantly to the development of Uzbek literature, was a historian, philologist, poet, scholar, and enlightened intellectual. He was born in 1886 in Bukhara, into a family of intellectuals. He received his education at madrasahs and universities in Bukhara and Istanbul. He thoroughly mastered Arabic, Persian, and Turkish languages and was able to communicate fluently in them. He deeply studied the works of the great scholars of the East. His father was a merchant and was often away from home, staying in Kashgar until 1918. Fitrat was raised by his mother, Mustafo Bibi (Bibijon), and his mother contributed to Fitrat's development into a mature individual. She read him the ghazals of Navoi, Uvaysi, Zebuniso, Bedil, and Fuzuli, literally laying the foundation for his increased love for literature from a young age. In 1909, he went to study at Istanbul University and studied there until 1913. While studying there, his intelligence and wisdom impressed the professors, and they gave him the nickname "Fitrat" - Wise. His first collection was published in 1911 under https://scientific-jl.org/obr 3 8 8 Выпуск журнала №-69 Часть–6_ Мая –2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181-3187 the name "Sayha" ("Call"). Subsequently, in the same year, "Sayyohi Hindi" (The Indian Traveler) and "Munozara" (Debate) were published. The period Fitrat lived in coincided with a period of increasing revolutionary movements in Turkestan. Like his predecessors, he promoted the ideas of enlightenment. He wanted his people to be enlightened, to emerge from the swamp of ignorance, and he carried out various activities in this direction. His work "Munozara," created in Tajik in 1913, shows that he sought a "path to salvation" by rescuing his people from the swamp of oppression. His works such as "Indian Revolutionaries," "Timur's Mausoleum," "Oguz Khan," "Abu Muslim," and "Turkic Language" put forward free thoughts and liberal views. In Fitrat's works, a striving for beauty and a change in worldview are evident, and are manifested in the following works: "Abulfayz Khan," "Arslon," and "Vose'" (in Tajik). Fitrat is revered in our country not only as a Jadid, but also as a famous philologist. His works such as "Rules of Literature," "Examples of Old Uzbek Literature," and "About Aruz" play an important role in the development of our literature. On October 4, 1938, Fitrat was executed alongside great intellectuals of our people such as Abdulla Qodiri, Cholpon, Otajon Hoshim, Qayum Ramazon, and Ghazi Olim. Most tragically, the court decision to execute these Uzbek "chinors" (plane trees - referring to important figures) was adopted on October 5, 193