О СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДАХ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОСТРОГО СТЕНОЗИРУЮЩЕГО ЛАРИНГОТРАХЕИТА У ДЕТЕЙ

Аннотация

Acute infectious and inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory OPEN ACCESS tract still form the main list of diseases in childhood, which maintains the constant IJSP interest in this pathology of specialists in various fields, such as pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, otorhinolaryngologists, allergists, and immunologists. Particular attention of researchers and clinicians is attracted by the study of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of laryngotracheitis, which is caused, first of all, by the development of a life-threatening condition of acute stenosis of the respiratory tract in children. According to our observations and according to the literature, there has recently been a clear trend towards an increase in the frequency of repeated episodes of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (ASLT) in children, which makes it obvious that further study of the underlying mechanisms of not only the occurrence, but also the recurrence of ASLT is necessary. Recurrence of laryngotracheitis contributes to the formation of chronic inflammatory processes and hyperreactivity of the upper respiratory tract, negatively affects the maturation of the child’s immune system, which leads to the development of Academic Editor: Arzikulov A. secondary immunosuppression. Each new respiratory infection provokes more and more Professor, Andijan State Medical serious disorders of the immune system, contributing to the formation of both chronic Institute inflammatory diseases of the pharynx and respiratory allergies. The modern concept of the etiopathogenesis of laryngotracheitis takes into account the action of multiple infectious Received: 15 September 2022 and allergic trigger factors, the most significant in immunocompromised children. Currently, Accepted: 25 September 2022 the primary tasks awaiting solution are timely prevention and diagnosis, the provision Published: 30 September 2022 of highly qualified medical care, including bronchopulmonary diseases in children by Publisher’s Note: IJSP stays expanding the use of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, which will improve the neutral with regard to jurisdictional quality of life of children. claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Key words: acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, childhood, etiopathogenesis, treatment methods Introduction. The urgency of the problem of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (ASLT), which accompanies acute respiratory viral Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee IJSP, Andijan, infections, is due to its high prevalence in childhood, pronounced Uzbekistan. This article is an open dynamism of clinical symptoms, the possibility of rapid development access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the of bacterial complications and death. The modern concept of the Creative Commons Attribution pathogenesis of recurrent ASLT provides for the development of (CC BY-NC-ND) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by- a pathological process as a result of the complex effect of various nc-nd/4.0/). etiological factors, including infectious, allergic ones, however, until now, laboratory diagnostics of the latter in practice has not become widespread. The main pathogenetic mechanisms that form respiratory disorders: swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea, spasm of the muscles of the larynx, trachea and bronchi, hypersecretion of the glands of the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea and bronchi, become the leading ones that determine the clinic, and ultimately therapy.It should be noted that the search for new approaches to ASLT therapy, which would allow influencing both the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, remains relevant so far. When analyzing the literature on the treatment of ASLT, the greatest number of different views of clinicians on this problem was www.ijsp.uz 25 2022 / Issue 05 / Article 05 International Journal of Scientific Pediatrics published: 30 September 2022 found [1]. A necessary condition for the successful treatment of ASLT is the mandatory transportation of the child to the hospital. Children with compensated and subcompensated ASLT should be hospitalized in the infectious-box departments of children’s hospitals. Treatment of decompensated forms is carried out in intensive care units. A number of authors adhere to the point of view that a specialized laryngitis department based on a multidisciplinary children’s hospital is the most rational form of providing assistance to patients with acute laryngotracheitis [2]. Results end Discussion. In recent years, various methods have been proposed for the treatment of children with acute respiratory viral infection, which occurs with symptoms of stenosing laryngotracheitis. So far, questions about the appropriateness of certain methods of treatment have been discussed [2, 3]. It must be remembered that glucocorticoids, especially those used for a long time and in high doses, cause hormon