INNOVATIVE METHODS OF GRAIN CROP PROCESSING AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

Аннотация

This article examines the innovative technologies used in the processing of grain crops, their effectiveness and advantages. Grain crops are one of the main components of the food industry, and the need to introduce new technologies in their processing is growing every day. The article analyzes advanced methods such as cryogenic grinding, optical sorting, and IoT technologies. The research results show that with the help of innovative technologies, it is possible to improve product quality, reduce energy consumption, reduce waste, and increase production efficiency. Opportunities and prospects for the implementation of these technologies intheconditions ofUzbekistan will also bediscussed. Keywords: cereal crops, innovative technologies, processing, efficiency, optical sorting, cryogenic grinding Introduction. Grain is the fruit of cereal crops or the seeds of leguminous plants. One of the main products grown in agriculture is food for human consumption, flour, beer, starch, alcohol, raw materials for the preparation of mixed feed, and nutritious feed for agricultural animals. Products obtained from grain processing are used in bread, pasta, and confectionery enterprises. Humanity receives about 50% of proteins, 70% of carbohydrates, and about 15% of fats from grain products. Grain crops are one of the main sources of food for humanity and play an important role in ensuring global food security. Today, such crops as wheat, rice, corn, and barley are the most widely cultivated and consumed products in the world. Against the backdrop of population growth, environmental factors, and limited energy resources, it is important to achieve high efficiency in theprocessing ofthese crops. Grain and grain products have been stored and processed in various ways since ancient times. Nevertheless, with the growth of the population, the population's demand for bread and bakery products is also increasing. In traditional processing methods, a number of problems are still observed: high energy consumption, grain losses, low product quality, environmentally harmful waste, and low production efficiency. The issue of introducing innovative technologies into processing processes has cometo theforefront. Innovative technologies are advanced methods such as high-precision optical sorting systems, cryogenic grinding and monitoring through IoT technologies, and product consistency tracking using blockchain systems. Our scientific article analyzes practical solutions for processing grain crops based oninnovativetechnologies, their economicand environmental effectiveness. MATERIALSAND METHODS. 268 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 Object of research. In this study, wheat, rice, barley, and corn were selected as the main objects. Thistype of grain crop is widely grown and processed in ourrepublic. Research methods.Analytical method - existing innovative technologies were studied. The comparative method- theeffectiveness oftraditional and modern methods was compared. Based on statisticalanalysis -production indicators, tables andgraphs were compiled. Economicevaluation - economicefficiency is determined based onthe ratio ofcosts and profits. Explored technologies Technology Description Cryogeniccrushing Grinding grain in liquid nitrogen at low temperature Optical sorting Automatically separate defective grains based onthesensorandcamera IoTStorageSystem Warehouse environment management with real-timemonitoring Blockchain tracking system Productsupply chain tracking RESULTS. Innovative technologies give thefollowing advantages over traditional methods: Table1. Comparison ofinnovativeandtraditionalmethods Indicator Traditional method Grain loss (%) 8-10 Energy consumption (kWh/ton) 250 Productiontime 24hours Sortaccuracy (%) 85. Product quality(%) 86. Optical SortingSystem Operating Principle(Description) The color, shape, and size of each grain are determined using optical sensors and cameras. Improperor damaged grains are separated byairflow. CryogenicGrinding Diagram (Description) With the help of liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the grain is reduced to -195 °C, which reduces the decomposition of the substance, kills microorganisms, and preserves the quality of nutrition. Discussion. The results show that innovative technologies significantly increase the efficiency of grain processing. The preservation of nutrients through cryogenic grinding allows for the production of healthy food products. Optical sorting improves product quality, while AI monitoring reduces human error. With IoT-based systems, warehouses are constantly monitored, which prevents problems such as grain spoilage, moisture, andfungi. 269 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 If these technologies are adapted to the conditions of Uzbekistan, they will play a large role in ensuring the export of grain products, quality guarantees in the domestic market, and environmental safety. Conclusion. Innovative technologies in the processing of grain crops provide the following advantages: Thepossibi