ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THEORETICAL BASICS

Аннотация

This article examines the importance of the competitiveness of higher education institutions in the educational services market, the features and conditions for the formation of competitiveness, the state of development of higher education institutions, and the development indicators ofhigher education institutions. Keywords: higher education, educational services, competitiveness, innovation, corporate cooperation,indicators and principles. To understand the economic essence and content of the category of competition, it is necessary to approach its description from different angles. The problem of competition has aroused the interest ofmanyauthors at different stages of thedevelopment of economics. In the second half of the 20th century, M. Porter is considered a scientist who made a significant contribution to the development of the theory of competitive relations 1. In his “Theory of Competition,” M. Porter gave a leading role to the potential and ability to adapt to technological changes. As a source of competition, M. Porter saw the fundamental economic structure and determined that it depends on the influence of new entrants, substitute products, buyers and suppliers on the market, and the characteristics of competition between market participants. From thispoint ofview, M.Porter defines competitionas extended competition. M. Porter “considers the appropriate competitive strategy aimed at achieving dominance in a particular market. He suggests basing such a strategy on an assessment of its competitive advantages, as well as the possibilities of deepening and improving them. M.Porter distinguishes “high-level competitive advantages”, the specific nature of which does not allow competitors to borrow them. He says that the conditions for the formation of these competitive advantages are not only the development of production capacities, but also long-term and intensive investments in special training of personnel, conducting research and development work, and marketing research”2. M. Porter's contribution in this area is the five competitive forces model (based on the generalization of approaches from different economic schools) proposed by him for the formation ofasound competitivestrategy. were considered in the works of R.A. Fatkhutdinov, L.V. Novak, G.L.Azoev, E.G. Efimova, and E.S. Podbornova.3 According to RAFathutdinov's approach, import substitution, innovation, management system efficiency, product quality, and tactical marketing are the main tools for shaping a competitive 1PorterM.Competition:per.English[Text]/M.Porter.-M.:Williams,2005.-608p. 2PorterM.Competition:trans.fromEnglish[Text]/M.Porter.–M.:Williams,2005.–608p. 3 Fatkhutdinov R.A. Strategic management: textbook [Text] / R.A.Fatkhutdinov . - M .: Delo, 2008 .-- 448 p. ; Efimova G.A. Competitiveness of the Russian agro-industrial complex in the context of Russia's accession to the WTO [Text] / G.A.Efimova , E.G.Stepanova // Young scientist. - 2015. - No. 8. - P. 390-392. ; Podbornova , E.S. Organizationalandeconomicdirectionsofdevelopmentofcompetitivenessofindustrialenterprises:ontheexample of the automotive industry: dis . ... Cand . of Economics . Sciences [Text] /E.S. Podbornova [Place of protection: Samarastateeconomic.[atn-t].-Samara,2012.-171p. 232 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 environment 4. In this regard, the author focuses on competitiveness factors, distinguishing among them the quality and price of goods, costs in the field of its consumption, as well as synergy and time5. R. Fatkhutdinov defines competitiveness as “a property of objects that characterizes the real or potentiallevel ofspecific consumption in comparison with thebest ofthe sameobjects ina given market 6.” R. Fatkhutdinov indicated that, in addition to products, most objects that express competitiveness characteristics include regulatory documents, scientific and methodological documents, project design documents, technologies, production personnel (“worker”,“specialist”, “manager”), securities, and infrastructure information. LVNovak states that “the description of the influence of the external and internal environment and the need to produce products with the desired characteristics and low consumer costs make competitiveness adriving force and strategic goal 7.” According to Ye.S. Podbornova, "the basis for increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise is economic, financial, personnel, management activities, as well as ensuring flexible adaptation to external and internal influences 8." According to GLAzoev, “the main directions of ensuring the competitiveness of a firm are the structure of the market, the degree of its monopolization, the concentration of production and capital. The author pays less attention to the internal resources for increasing competitiveness and does not focus on the analysis of the means of increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise in the market 9.” GLAzoev defines competitiveness as “the economic process of interaction, commun