HEART AND VASCULAR DISEASES

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются причины сердечно- сосудистых заболеваний, клиническое лечение, применение современных методов лечения при данном заболевании, а также использование современных методик. Heart disease (heart disease) is a group of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, manifested by a violation of the normal functioning of the heart. Such diseases can be caused by damage to the epicardium, pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, the valvular apparatus of the heart and blood vessels. Damage to the blood vessels of the heart • Cardiosclerosis; • Coronary heart disease; • Atherosclerosis Pathological changes in the blood vessels of the heart • Cardiac asthma; https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-71 91 Часть–4_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 • Myocardial hypertrophy: • Left ventricular hypertrophy; • Left ventricular hypertrophy; • Right ventricular hypertrophy; • Right ventricular hypertrophy. • Heart failure. The diagnosis of heart and blood vessel diseases is determined by the following examination methods: percussion, palpation, examination, inspection, auscultation, electrocardiography, X-ray, blood and urine tests, and other additional examination methods. The main complaints of patients with cardiovascular diseases are pain in the heart and behind the chest, shortness of breath, palpitations, coughing, and in some cases, coughing up blood. Shortness of breath is one of the most common complaints in circulatory failure. Among the most common is heart valve disease. The essence of heart valve dysfunction is that they regurgitate blood or do not open sufficiently. Often, heart valve diseases are the result of infectious damage or autoimmune reactions. In clinical practice, inflammation of the heart muscle - myocarditis and non- inflammatory damage - myocardiodystrophy are more common. Endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart) is caused by rheumatism and other acquired heart pathologies. Lericarditis is rare. Myocardial infarction and myocardiodystrophy, as well as neurotic conditions, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and heart block. Cardiac arrhythmias are manifested by acceleration (tachycardia) or deceleration (bradycardia) of heart contractions (beats), extra contractions of the heart (extrasystole); sudden acceleration of the heart rate (paroxysmal tachycardia); irregular https://scientific-jl.org/obr Выпуск журнала №-71 92 Часть–4_ июня–2025 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ 2181- 3187 contractions of the heart at different intervals (fluctuating arrhythmia), etc. Heart block consists of a violation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the conduction system of the heart (for example, interruption of the transmission of impulses from the atria to the ventricles or to the bundle branches of the bundle of His). When the activity of the nervous system of the heart is disrupted due to neuroses, along with arrhythmias, there are also sensations of throbbing, stabbing, or shooting pain in the heart. Atherosclerosis and hypertension are common diseases of the arterial vessels, and they often occur together. In addition to the coronary arteries, atherosclerosis also affects the aorta and its large branches, including the renal artery, cerebral vessels (see Stroke), and peripheral vessels of the arms and legs. Inflammation of the arterial vessels - arteritis - occurs more often due to infectious (for example, syphilis, sepsis) and allergic and collagen diseases. The clinical forms are obliterating endarteritis, aortic panarteritis, etc. Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis are common diseases of the venous vessels.