BENEFICIAL INSECTS ( ENCARSIA, KHANKIZI, PHYTOMYZA FLY)

Аннотация

This article discusses the biological and ecological characteristics of beneficial insects, their importance in agriculture, their habitat and role in natural control against natural enemies. Scientific information on pollinators (e.g. bees), natural enemies against biopests (parasites and predators), and their role in the food chain is analyzed. Measures for the protection and increase oftheirpopulations, as well as threats arising from human activities, are also considered. Key phrases: Beneficial insects, Bioecological characteristics, Pollinating insects, Entomophages (predatory and parasitic insects), Role in the ecosystem, Biological balance, Agricultural benefits, Natural control factors, Anthropogenic impact, Biological control agent. Beneficial insects are insects that reduce the number of plant pests and also provide direct orindirect benefits to humans.Beneficial insects 1.apollinatorofplant flowers, 2.asupplierofraw materials forfood products andindustry, 3.natural predators of crop pests and otherharmful animals and weeds, 4. are divided into groups such as those involved in natural processes. The importance of insects, especially bees and honeybees, in pollinating plant flowers has long been known. food and technical materials include bees (provide honey and wax), mulberry silkworms (cocoons), somechervets (produce varnish), and others. Many beneficial insects are known to be beneficial to or parasitize pests. For example, goldflies, syrphids, ladybird beetles, leafhoppers, thrips, predatory spiders - orius, aphids , etc. In biological methods of plant protection, parasitic entomophages are used: Trichogramma, Gabrabracon (against motheggs and larvae). A local herbivore - phytomyza fly -is successfully used against smut [2]. Insects also participate in soil formation (for example, from primary wingless insects to arthropods). Many insects enrich the soil layer with organic matter (soil-dwelling ants, termites, earthworms,and somebeetles). 1.Species –Encarsia formosa (Family –Aphelinidae. Order–Hymenoptera.) Encarsia is a small insect with a body size of 6-7 mm, and the male is larger than the female. With the arrival of spring, local encarsia, which emerges from hibernation, first feeds on wild plants. It damages the larvae of the acacia moth, and from April-May it damages the larvae of the acacia moth on tomatoes and similar crops. In nature, the encarsia is most abundant in August-September and damages up to 40-45% of the acacia moth. However, this indicator is observed only by the end of summer. By this time, the acacia moth has already destroyed a significant part of the crop. Taking this into account and in order to obtain high yields, the encarsiamoth isgrown in greenhouses (Figure 1). 104 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 Anadult wasp ona Greenhouse whitefly An adult female Parasitized pupae nymph ofthe pupae: unparasitized Encarsiaformosa wasp ofthe greenhouse greenhousewhitefly (right), attacking a islaying eggs ona whitefly. Trialeurodes whitefly nymph, whitefly nymph. vaporariorum. Encarsia formosa (center). Figure 1.Encarsia–( Encarsia formosa )[3]. Plants such as tobacco, eggplant, and tomato can be used as feed crops to increase encarsia. In greenhouses, encarsia develops more on tobacco aphids, and in open fields, it develops more ontomatoand eggplant pests. Encarzianmany in cultivationstep bystep multiplication method effective -is. 1.First, tobacco seedlings are planted. When they have 4-5 leaflets, they are infested with aphids. Themature aphids gather onthelowerleaves of theplant andbegin tolay eggs. 2. From there one week later, on the leaves larvae appearance to be with encarzia is damaged. This to time come every one tobacco 1000-2000 on theleaf first-year agave larvae will becollected. 3. Infestation of larvae with encarsia is carried out by placing leaves with encarsia tubers between the branches of the plant. During this period, the first-instar larvae of the agacanth develop and pass to thesecond instar. Encarsia isusually distributed in aratio of1:5. 4. The larvae of the agave moth form encarsia in 7-8 days. When the number of these encarsias onthetobacco leaf reaches 70%, theencarsia isharvested (Figure 2). 2.Greenhousewhitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum )and its parasitoidwasp Life cycles of (Encarsia formosa) To propagate encarsia in this way, the temperature should be 27 οC and the day length should be 15-16 hours. To separate the encarsia fungi from the harvested tobacco leaves, you can use the "Malyutka" washing machine. In this to the car before warm water is poured and 15–20 pieces average large tobacco leaf small into pieces Cut and put in. Close the lid and cook for 2-3 105 Volume 4, issue 6, 2025 minutes. is converted. Then the car stop, leaves take In this case, the encarsia mushrooms separated from the leaves float on the surface of the water. The damaged agave larvae sink to the bottomofthewater (Figures 3-4). Figure 3.An image ofthe Figure 4.Adult Encarsiaperple